Table 1.
Maternal characteristics by hepatitis B surface antigen status.
| Total cohort n (%) or median (IQR) | HBsAg positive n (%) or median (IQR) | HBsAg negative n (%) or median (IQR) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant women, number | 612 | 53 (8.7) | 559 (91.3) | |
| Age (years) | 23 (20–28) | 25 (21–29) | 23 (20–27) | 0.20 |
| Number of sexual partners* | ||||
| <5 | 593 | 52 (98.1) | 541 (96.8) | 1.00 |
| >5 | 13 | 1 (1.9) | 12 (2.2) | |
| Surgery | 46 | 3 (6.5) | 43 (93.5) | 0.79 |
| Blood transfusion | 31 | 3 (9.7) | 28 (90.3) | 0.74 |
| Body cuts | 5 | 0 (00.0) | 5 (100) | 1.00 |
| Anti-HBc IgG** | ||||
| Positive | 391 (64.7) | 52 (98.1) | 339 (61.5) | <0.0001 |
| Negative | 213 (35.3) | 1 (1.9) | 212 (38.5) | |
| HBeAg*** | ||||
| Positive | 10 (18.9) | |||
| Negative | 42 (79.3) | |||
| HBVDNA | ||||
| Detectable | 51(96.2) | |||
| Below detection limit | 15(28.3) | |||
| Missing | 2 (3.8) | |||
| HBVDNA log10 (IU/mL)a | 8.25 (6.93–9.82) | |||
| HBVDNA <105 | 42 (82.4) | |||
| HBVDNA >105 | 9 (17.6) | |||
| HBVDNA > 199,999 | 8 (15.7) | |||
| HBVDNA >2 × 103 | 32 (62.7) | |||
| Median ALT (IU/mL) | 18.0 (10.6–28.6) | 22.2 (15.1–37.0) | 15.2 (6.6–21.5) | 0.004 |
| Median Albumin (g/l) | 4.1 (3.7–4.4) | 4.0 (3.8–4.3) | 4.1 (3.7–4.5) | 0.86 |
| HIV serostatus**** | ||||
| Positive | 80(13.3) | 9 (17.0) | 71 (12.9) | 0.41 |
| Negative | 522(86.7) | 44 (83.0) | 478 (87.1) | |
| HIV positive on ART***** | ||||
| Yes | 44 (56.4) | 5 (55.6) | 39 (56.5) | 1.00 |
| No | 34 (43.6) | 4 (44.4) | 30 (43.5) | |
| Anti-viral therapy regimen | ||||
| Single dose nevirapine | 18 (27.7) | 2 (28.6) | 16 (27.6) | 1.00 |
| Single dose zidovudine | 3 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.2) | |
| ART | 44 (66.7) | 5 (71.4) | 39 (67.2) | |
| HBV active ART | ||||
| 3TC based ART | 29 | 2 (6.9) | 27 (93.1) | |
| TDF/3TC based ART | 12 | 3 (25.0) | 9(75.0) | |
| HIVRNA log10 (IU/mL)b | 8.29 (7.54–9.12) | 9.78 (7.83–12.18) | 8.13 (7.33–9.02) | 0.31 |
| HIVRNA ≤40 (IU/mL)c | 14 | 3 (21.4) | 11 (78.6) | 0.13 |
| >40 (IU/mL) | 46 | 5 (10.9) | 41 (89.1) | |
| CD4 T-cell count/mm3 | 540 (385–708) | 540 (433–554) | 534 (377–711) | 0.99 |
AZT=3TC = lamivudine, TDF = tenofovir, TDF/3TC = combination of lamivudine and tenofovir, ALT = alanine aminotransferase.
*
Missing data on 6 participants.
**
Missing data on 8 participants.
***
Missing data on 1 participant.
****
Missing data on 10 participants.
*****
Missing data on 2 participants.
a
Geometric mean and 95% confidence intervals of 36 hepatitis B-infected individuals.
b
Geometric mean and 95% confidence intervals of 46 HIV-infected individuals.
c
11/14 participants with undetectable HIVRNA (≤40 (IU/mL) were receiving ART.