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The effects of cell disruption using two different kinds of pumps. (a) Microscopic image of the initial HEK293 cell sample. (b) and (c) Microscopic images of collected samples after loading the sample through the microfluidic chip using a syringe pump and the on-chip micropump, respectively. (d) Cell disruption rate using the syringe pump and on-chip micropump. Scale bars in (a)–(c) represent 10 μm, and the error bar in (d) represents the standard deviations of 5 different trials.
