Figure 1.

A schematic representation of the trial day. Participants were free-living in recovery and consumed a controlled diet that mimicked their habitual dietary intake. * Exercise: on supplemented trials only; whole body, heavy resistance exercise. † Isometric maximal voluntary contraction, squat jump, Wingate test, knee extension repetitions to failure at 75% of 1-repetition maximum. ‡ Mixed-macronutrient meal. A twenty-five gram (25 g) whey protein supplement (PRO) or isocaloric carbohydrate (control; CTL) supplement. Q, nitrogen turnover; S, whole body protein synthesis; B, whole body protein breakdown; NB, whole body net protein balance. Urine collection was collected over two intervals: 0–10 h, and 10–24 h; after obtaining a sample from the 0–10 collection, both collections were pooled to obtain a 24 h recovery sample.