Table 1.
Characteristics of HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected infants recruited from a rural coastal region in Kenya.
| Characteristic | ||||
| Demography and CMV infection | HEU (n = 36) | HUU (n = 29) | P value | Total (n = 65) |
| Female (%) | 17 (47.2) | 16 (55.2) | 0.53 | 33 (50.8) |
| Age in months, median (IQR) | 4.2 (3.3, 4.9) | 3.5 (2.8, 4.5) | 0.07 | 3.9 (3.2, 4.9) |
| Anthropometry, median (IQR) | HEU (n = 31) | HUU (n = 22) | Total (n = 53)a | |
| Weight for age Z-scores | −0.7 (−1.0, 0.2) | −0.4 (−1.2, 0.5) | 0.63 | −0.6 [−1.1, 0.4] |
| Height for age Z-scores | −1.5 (−2.7, −0.2) | −1.2 (−2.8, 1.6) | 0.22 | −1.3 (−2.7, 0.4) |
| Weight for height Z-scores | 0.6 (−0.4, 1.3) | 0.1 (−1.0, 2.1) | 0.53 | 0.6 (−0.5, 1.7) |
| Head circumference Z-scores | 0.3 (−0.8, 0.8) | 0.4 (−0.5, 1.8) | 0.19 | 0.3 (−0.6, 1.0) |
| Haematology, median (IQR) | HEU (n = 30) | HUU (n = 28) | Total (n = 58)a | |
| Red blood cell count (106/μl) | 4.3 (4.0, 4.8) | 4.3 (3.8, 4.8) | 0.80 | 4.3 (3.9, 4.8) |
| White blood cell count (109/L) | 10.4 (7.3, 12.8) | 9.2 (7.5, 10.9) | 0.28 | 9.7 (7.3, 11.7) |
| Haemoglobin count (g/dl) | 10.0 (10.0, 11.0) | 9.9 [9.1, 10.8] | 0.31 | 10.0 [9.5, 11.0] |
| Platelet count (109/l) | 426.0 (315.0, 516.0) | 472.0 (400.0, 568.0) | 0.22 | 439.0 (335.0, 542.0) |
| Absolute lymphocyte count (109/l) | 6.8 (5.0, 9.6) | 6.1 (4.9, 7.6) | 0.04 | 6.6 (5.0, 8.0) |
| Lymphocyte % | 73 (65, 76) | 69 (63, 73) | 0.16 | 72 (63, 75) |
| Absolute neutrophil count (109/l) | 1.7 (1.1, 2.4) | 1.5 (1.3, 2.0) | 0.91 | 1.6 (1.2, 2.2) |
| Neutrophil % | 17.0 (13.0, 23.0) | 17.8 (15.3, 23.7) | 0.57 | 17.7 (14.0, 23.7) |
| Immunology, median (IQR) | HEU (n = 17) | HUU (n = 10) | Total (n = 27)b | |
| % CD38+ HLADR+ CD8+ T cells | 37.8 (23.3, 51.2) | 48.6 (14.2, 63.1) | 0.32 | 40.2 (22.5, 54.6) |
| % CD38+ HLADR+ CD4+ T cells | 3.2 (2.4, 5.7) | 6.4 (4.8, 8.3) | 0.03 | 4.2 (2.9, 7.2) |
| % PD1+ CD8+ T cells | 22.7 (13.3, 27.5) | 28.3 (16.2, 40.9) | 0.16 | 22.7 (13.8, 29.4) |
| % PD1+ CD4+ T cells | 8.7 (5.0, 12.9) | 12.7 (9.0, 13.2) | 0.12 | 9.7 (5.7, 13.1) |
| % CD25hi FOXP3+ CD4 T cells | 4.5 (3.2, 5.5) | 5.1 (2.8, 6.1) | 0.65 | 4.6 (3.1, 5.9) |
| % CD86+ pDC | 33.0 (20.3, 37.6) | 26 (17.8, 38.4) | 0.80 | 27.2 (19.2, 37.6) |
CMV, cytomegalovirus; HEU, HIV-exposed uninfected; HUU, HIV-unexposed uninfected.
aInfants with missing anthropometry (N = 12) and haematology (N = 7) data.
b2 to 5-month-old infants only for whom ex-vivo immunophenotypic data had been previously generated by fresh whole blood immunophenotyping.
χ2 tests were used for comparisons of categorical variables. Unpaired t tests or Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare continuous variables, depending on the distribution of the data.