Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1985 Aug;4(8):1967–1972. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03879.x

Biochemical analysis of an antigen produced by both human sex chromosomes.

G S Banting, B Pym, P N Goodfellow
PMCID: PMC554449  PMID: 4065101

Abstract

It has been argued on both evolutionary and functional grounds that genes must be shared by the mammalian sex chromosomes. The only direct evidence for such genes is our previous finding that loci on the human X (MIC2X) and Y (MIC2Y) chromosomes encode a species-specific cell surface antigen recognised by the monoclonal antibody 12E7. These loci map to the regions of the sex chromosomes which pair at meiosis, and MIC2X has been shown to escape X-inactivation. We have used immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to compare the products of MIC2X and MIC2Y. The human specific molecule recognised by the 12E7 antibody is a membrane-associated polypeptide of mol. wt. 32.5 kd and pI = 5.0. No difference in size or charge has been detected between X and Y encoded forms of this molecule confirming that MIC2Y is a functional homologue of MIC2X. An intracellular polypeptide of mol. wt. 29 kd and pI = 7.0 present in the cytoplasm of both human and mouse cells is also recognised by the 12E7 antibody.

Full text

PDF
1967

Images in this article

1968Fig. 1.
on p.1968
1968Fig. 2.
on p.1968
1969Fig. 3.
on p.1969
1970Fig. 4.
on p.1970
1970Fig. 5.
on p.1970

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bai Y., Sheer D., Hiorns L., Knowles R. W., Tunnacliffe A. A monoclonal antibody recognizing a cell surface antigen coded for by a gene on human chromosome 17. Ann Hum Genet. 1982 Oct;46(Pt 4):337–347. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1982.tb01584.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Batteiger B., Newhall W. J., 5th, Jones R. B. The use of Tween 20 as a blocking agent in the immunological detection of proteins transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. J Immunol Methods. 1982 Dec 30;55(3):297–307. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90089-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brodsky F. M., Parham P., Barnstable C. J., Crumpton M. J., Bodmer W. F. Monoclonal antibodies for analysis of the HLA system. Immunol Rev. 1979;47:3–61. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1979.tb00288.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Burgoyne P. S. Genetic homology and crossing over in the X and Y chromosomes of Mammals. Hum Genet. 1982;61(2):85–90. doi: 10.1007/BF00274192. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cullen S. E., Schwartz B. D. An improved method for isolation of H-2 and Ia alloantigens with immunoprecipitation induced by protein A-bearing staphylococci. J Immunol. 1976 Jul;117(1):136–142. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Curry C. J., Magenis R. E., Brown M., Lanman J. T., Jr, Tsai J., O'Lague P., Goodfellow P., Mohandas T., Bergner E. A., Shapiro L. J. Inherited chondrodysplasia punctata due to a deletion of the terminal short arm of an X chromosome. N Engl J Med. 1984 Oct 18;311(16):1010–1015. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198410183111603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Erickson R. P., Goodfellow P. N. Sex chromosome evolution. Sharing outside of pairing. Nature. 1984 Sep 13;311(5982):106–107. doi: 10.1038/311106a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Evans E. P., Burtenshaw M. D., Cattanach B. M. Meitoic crossing-over between the X and Y chromosomes of male mice carrying the sex-reversing (Sxr) factor. Nature. 1982 Dec 2;300(5891):443–445. doi: 10.1038/300443a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Goodfellow P. N., Jones E. A., Van Heyningen V., Solomon E., Bobrow M., Miggiano V., Bodmer W. F. The beta2-microglobulin gene is on chromosome 15 and not in the HL-A region. Nature. 1975 Mar 20;254(5497):267–269. doi: 10.1038/254267a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Goodfellow P., Banting G., Levy R., Povey S., McMichael A. A human X-linked antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody. Somatic Cell Genet. 1980 Nov;6(6):777–787. doi: 10.1007/BF01538976. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Goodfellow P., Banting G., Sheer D., Ropers H. H., Caine A., Ferguson-Smith M. A., Povey S., Voss R. Genetic evidence that a Y-linked gene in man is homologous to a gene on the X chromosome. Nature. 1983 Mar 24;302(5906):346–349. doi: 10.1038/302346a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Goodfellow P., Pym B., Mohandas T., Shapiro L. J. The cell surface antigen locus, MIC2X, escapes X-inactivation. Am J Hum Genet. 1984 Jul;36(4):777–782. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hyman R., Stallings V. Complementation patterns of Thy-1 variants and evidence that antigen loss variants "pre-exist" in the parental population. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1974 Feb;52(2):429–436. doi: 10.1093/jnci/52.2.429. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hynes R. O. Alteration of cell-surface proteins by viral transformation and by proteolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Nov;70(11):3170–3174. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.11.3170. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. KIT S., DUBBS D. R., PIEKARSKI L. J., HSU T. C. DELETION OF THYMIDINE KINASE ACTIVITY FROM L CELLS RESISTANT TO BROMODEOXYURIDINE. Exp Cell Res. 1963 Aug;31:297–312. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(63)90007-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kartner N., Alon N., Swift M., Buchwald M., Riordan J. R. Isolation of plasma membranes from human skin fibroblasts. J Membr Biol. 1977 Sep 14;36(2-3):191–211. doi: 10.1007/BF01868151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Köhler G., Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature. 1975 Aug 7;256(5517):495–497. doi: 10.1038/256495a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Levy R., Dilley J., Fox R. I., Warnke R. A human thymus-leukemia antigen defined by hybridoma monoclonal antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6552–6556. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6552. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Marcus M., Tantravahi R., Dev V. G., Miller D. A., Miller O. J. Human-mouse cell hybrid with human multiple Y chromosomes. Nature. 1976 Jul 1;262(5563):63–65. doi: 10.1038/262063a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Minowada J., Onuma T., Moore G. E. Rosette-forming human lymphoid cell lines. I. Establishment and evidence for origin of thymus-derived lymphocytes. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1972 Sep;49(3):891–895. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Nabholz M., Miggiano V., Bodmer W. Genetic analysis with human--mouse somatic cell hybrids. Nature. 1969 Jul 26;223(5204):358–363. doi: 10.1038/223358a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Oi V. T., Jones P. P., Goding J. W., Herzenberg L. A., Herzenberg L. A. Properties of monoclonal antibodies to mouse Ig allotypes, H-2, and Ia antigens. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1978;81:115–120. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-67448-8_18. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Owen M. J., Kissonerghis A. M., Lodish H. F. Biosynthesis of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1980 Oct 25;255(20):9678–9684. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Page D. C., Harper M. E., Love J., Botstein D. Occurrence of a transposition from the X-chromosome long arm to the Y-chromosome short arm during human evolution. Nature. 1984 Sep 13;311(5982):119–123. doi: 10.1038/311119a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Towbin H., Staehelin T., Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350–4354. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wallace D. C., Bunn C. L., Eisenstadt J. M. Cytoplasmic transfer of chloramphenicol resistance in human tissue culture cells. J Cell Biol. 1975 Oct;67(1):174–188. doi: 10.1083/jcb.67.1.174. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Wigler M., Silverstein S., Lee L. S., Pellicer A., Cheng Y. c., Axel R. Transfer of purified herpes virus thymidine kinase gene to cultured mouse cells. Cell. 1977 May;11(1):223–232. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90333-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Williams J. D. Screening for bacteriuria; present status and future prospects. J Ir Med Assoc. 1973 Nov 24;66(22):628–632. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES