Fig. 4. Influence of type and concentration of substances added to a manganese solution on transcranial manganese delivery efficiency.

(A) Dependence of the total amount of manganese delivered to the brain when 100 mM MnCl₂ was applied on the bregma on the type and concentration of various compounds added to the manganese solution. Ca²⁺ significantly increased the efficiency, whereas Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and mannitol had a small effect on the efficiency of Mn²⁺ delivery. (B) Dependence of total amount of manganese delivered to the brain when 50 mM MnCl₂ was applied on the bregma on the amount of calcium salt added to the manganese solution. As the calcium amount was lowered so was the efficiency of transcranial Mn²⁺ delivery. Each data point represents the average of three animals.