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. 2017 Jul 29;14:371–392. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.052

Long-term climate data description in Ethiopia

Gezahegn Abebe 1
PMCID: PMC5552378  PMID: 28831403

Abstract

This article presents long-term analyzed rainfall and temperature data obtained from the National Metrological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia. Using tables and graphic trends of analysis, the article shows the low and declining level of average annual rainfall as well as the high inter-annual fluctuations for 18 weather stations located in different agro-climatic zones of the country. The high variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature has been similarly observed for decades in the stations. Ethiopia's average annual temperature has risen between 1955 and 2015 by 1.65 °C. The country's agricultural production depends heavily on local temperature and rainfall. The evidence is clear that a slight change in such climatic elements negatively affects the food security condition of both producers and consumers. Although data from the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) show that major cereal crop production has increased at the national level, partly due to the increasing application of fertilizers and modern seeds, Ethiopia's food security condition is deteriorating due to global climatic events caused droughts and rain failure. The rate of food price inflation is thus often higher than the general consumer price inflation rate.

Keywords: Erratic rainfall, Temperature, Farm inputs, Cereals, Consumer price, Ethiopia

Specification Table

Subject area Environmental studies
More specific subject area Climate change
Type of data Figures and tables
How data was acquired Climate data were obtained following formal application procedure to the authority. Different year agricultural sample survey and the consumer price index data available at the CSA of Ethiopia were used.
Data format Analyzed
Data source location 18 weather stations: Addis Ababa; Arba Minch; Axum; Bahir Dar; Beshoftu; Combolcha; Debre Markos; Dire Dawa; Gode; Gondar; Gore; Hawassa; Jimma; Mekele; Methara; Neghele; Nekemte; and Robe.
Experimental factors Data used in this article were obtained from the NMA and CSA of Ethiopia.
Experimental features Tables and graphic trends of analysis were employed.
Data accessibility The data are with this article.
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Value of the data

  • •

    Gives information on the changing condition of climatic elements' impact on production and food prices.

  • •

    Can be reproduced by researchers and experts working in the field.

  • •

    Useful to identify vulnerable communities and social groups to the effects of climate change risk for interventions.

1. Data

The figures and tables of rainfall and temperature were analyzed based on the data obtained from 18 weather stations located in different agro-climatic zones of Ethiopia. Fig. 1 is the location map of metrological stations. The declining and low level of average annual rainfall overtime as well as high inter-annual fluctuation for 18 weather stations are presented in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15, Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18, Fig. 19, Fig. 20. Information on temperature are presented in Tables. Table 1 shows the average annual temperature of Ethiopia (1980–2016). The mean annual temperature of Ethiopia is presented in Table 2. The following tables (Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, Table 11, Table 12, Table 13, Table 14, Table 15, Table 16, Table 17, Table 18, Table 19) present the variation of mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures of the weather stations. In Fig. 21, Fig. 22 area cultivated under improved seeds, local seeds and use of fertilizers and types of fertilizers for cereals crop only are presented. The last two Fig. 23, Fig. 24 demonstrate the progressive increase in agricultural production such as cereals, oil seeds and pulses and the consumer price index respectively.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

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Location map of 18 weather stations.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

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Mean annual rainfall of Ethiopia.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

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Annual rainfall in Addis Ababa weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

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Annual rainfall in Arba Minch weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

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Annual rainfall in Axum weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

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Annual rainfall in Bahir Dar weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

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Annual rainfall in Beshoftu weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8

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Annual rainfall in Combolcha weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 9

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Annual rainfall in Debre Markos weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 10

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Annual rainfall in Dire Dawa weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 11

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Annual rainfall in Gode weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 12.

Fig. 12

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Annual rainfall in Gondar weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 13.

Fig. 13

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Annual rainfall in Gore weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 14.

Fig. 14

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Annual rainfall in Hawassa weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 15.

Fig. 15

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Annual rainfall in Jimma weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 16

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Annual rainfall in Mekele weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 17.

Fig. 17

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Annual rainfall in Metehara weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 18.

Fig. 18

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Annual rainfall in Neghele weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 19.

Fig. 19

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Annual rainfall in Nekemte weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 20.

Fig. 20

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Annual rainfall in Robe weather station.Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 1.

Average annual temperature in Ethiopia: representative weather stations.

Year Addis Ababa Arba Minch Hawassa Combolcha Debre Markos Debre Zeit Dire Dawa Robe Gode Metekel Gondar Gore Jimma Mekele Metehara Neghele Nekemte Average annual Temp.
1955 18.9 – – 17.69 15.24 18.55 24.86 – – 18.65 17.85 18.54 – – 18.37 – 18.70
1960 18.85 – – 19.7 15.2 18.87 24.97 12.72 – 18.37 18.17 19.3 17.62 – 19.66 – 18.49
1965 18.9 – – 18.89 15.28 19.09 24.7 12.19 27.98 19.59 17.73 18.82 18.57 – 19.11 – 19.23
1970 19.65 – – 19.2 16.45 19.07 24.93 12.93 28.82 19.9 18.24 18.73 18.63 – 19.38 17.25 19.47
1975 19.82 – 18.68 17.82 15.76 18.26 25.02 12.82 28.86 20.03 17.9 18.6 16.99 – 19.17 17.06 19.05
1980 19.92 – 19.9 19.07 16.22 18.93 25.4 14 28.92 19.97 18.6 19.19 17.66 – 20.05 18.06 19.70
1985 15.72 24.62 18.74 15.82 16.06 18.38 25.17 15.12 28.05 20.16 18.1 18.83 17.21 24.89 19.12 17.65 19.60
1990 16.1 24.08 19.76 19.73 16.04 19.13 25.37 15.02 29 19.54 19.95 19.01 11.2 25.37 21.23 18.51 19.94
1995 16.6 23.8 20.2 19.49 16.95 19.65 25.85 14.93 – 20.85 19.17 19.94 17.88 26.17 21.12 18.75 20.30
2000 16.62 23.66 19.88 19.3 16.35 19.41 25.68 14.08 28.91 19.44 18.82 19.79 18.15 25.42 20.75 18.6 20.69
2005 16.89 23.88 20.21 19.73 16.83 18.48 26.06 15.2 29.72 20.67 19.56 19.6 18.01 25.93 21.28 19.0 20.56
2010 16.95 23.94 20.62 20.4 17.09 18.78 25.9 15.43 30 20.73 19.42 20.14 18.23 26.07 21.76 18.99 20.75
2015 18.55 24.65 21.44 20.48 17.37 20.18 25.71 15.72 29.67 20.67 19.36 20.43 18.23 26.88 22.44 18.57 20.35
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia. Note: data from Bahir Dar and Axum weather stations are not included here.

Table 2.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Addis Ababa (1955–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Addis Ababa 1955 29.75 8.04 18.90
Addis Ababa 1960 29.80 7.90 18.85
Addis Ababa 1965 30.36 7.44 18.90
Addis Ababa 1970 30.50 8.80 19.65
Addis Ababa 1975 30.97 8.67 19.82
Addis Ababa 1980 30.79 9.05 19.92
Addis Ababa 1985 22.63 8.82 15.72
Addis Ababa 1990 23.19 9.02 16.10
Addis Ababa 1995 23.73 9.48 16.60
Addis Ababa 2000 23.58 9.66 16.62
Addis Ababa 2005 23.80 9.98 16.89
Addis Ababa 2010 22.87 11.04 16.95
Addis Ababa 2015 24.30 12.80 18.55
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 3.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Arba Minch (1975–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Arba Minch 1985 31.06 18.18 24.62
Arba Minch 1990 30.20 17.95 24.08
Arba Minch 1995 30.36 17.23 23.80
Arba Minch 2000 30.65 16.67 23.66
Arba Minch 2005 30.35 17.40 23.88
Arba Minch 2010 29.99 17.89 23.94
Arba Minch 2015 31.38 17.91 24.65
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 4.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Axum (2006–2016).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Axum 2006 24.30 12.03 18.16
Axum 2007 26.26 12.28 19.27
Axum 2008 26.30 12.18 19.24
Axum 2009 27.37 12.57 19.97
Axum 2010 26.65 12.19 19.42
Axum 2011 26.05 11.70 18.87
Axum 2012 26.04 11.73 18.88
Axum 2013 26.04 11.90 18.97
Axum 2014 25.94 11.58 18.76
Axum 2015 26.59 11.78 19.18
Axum 2016 26.92 12.33 19.62
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 5.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Bahir Dar (2002–2016).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Bahir Dar 2002 26.20 7.3 16.75
Bahir Dar 2003 29.55 12.7 21.13
Bahir Dar 2004 25.56 12.68 19.12
Bahir Dar 2005 26.96 12.92 19.94
Bahir Dar 2006 26.75 12.87 19.81
Bahir Dar 2007 26.78 10.32 18.55
Bahir Dar 2008 26.83 11.59 19.21
Bahir Dar 2009 27.60 12.33 19.96
Bahir Dar 2010 27.07 12.52 19.80
Bahir Dar 2011 26.99 11.46 19.22
Bahir Dar 2012 27.68 12.11 19.85
Bahir Dar 2013 28.78 11.61 20.20
Bahir Dar 2014 27.69 14.08 20.88
Bahir Dar 2015 28.50 13.78 21.17
Bahir Dar 2016 27.02 14.68 20.85
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 6.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Beshoftu (1951–2013).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Beshoftu 1951 25.56 9.95 17.75
Beshoftu 1955 26.27 10.84 18.55
Beshoftu 1960 26.19 11.56 18.87
Beshoftu 1965 26.50 11.69 19.09
Beshoftu 1970 26.34 11.80 19.07
Beshoftu 1975 25.49 11.03 18.26
Beshoftu 1980 26.58 11.28 18.93
Beshoftu 1985 25.96 10.80 18.38
Beshoftu 1990 26.30 11.95 19.13
Beshoftu 1995 26.86 12.43 19.65
Beshoftu 2000 26.72 12.10 19.41
Beshoftu 2005 26.60 10.37 18.48
Beshoftu 2010 26.54 11.02 18.78
Beshoftu 2013 29.45 10.91 20.18
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 7.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Combolcha (1952–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Combolcha 1952 20.98 8.34 14.66
Combolcha 1955 23.15 12.24 17.69
Combolcha 1960 26.80 12.65 19.7
Combolcha 1965 25.90 11.87 18.89
Combolcha 1970 26.00 12.40 19.20
Combolcha 1975 24.99 10.65 17.82
Combolcha 1980 26.38 11.75 19.07
Combolcha 1985 26.05 5.59 15.82
Combolcha 1990 26.50 12.96 19.73
Combolcha 1995 26.38 12.60 19.49
Combolcha 2000 26.80 11.79 19.30
Combolcha 2005 27.25 12.20 19.73
Combolcha 2010 27.49 13.325 20.40
Combolcha 2015 28.11 12.85 20.48
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 8.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Debre Markos (1955–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Debre Markos 1955 21.58 8.90 15.24
Debre Markos 1960 22.25 8.15 15.20
Debre Markos 1965 21.98 8.58 15.28
Debre Markos 1970 22.96 9.94 16.45
Debre Markos 1975 22.40 9.12 15.76
Debre Markos 1980 22.45 10.00 16.22
Debre Markos 1985 21.90 10.21 16.06
Debre Markos 1990 22.57 9.51 16.04
Debre Markos 1995 23.34 10.56 16.95
Debre Markos 2000 22.60 10.09 16.35
Debre Markos 2005 23.05 10.60 16.83
Debre Markos 2010 23.05 11.12 17.09
Debre Markos 2015 23.56 11.18 17.37
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 9.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Dire Dawa (1952–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Dire Dawa 1952 32.58 12.56 22.57
Dire Dawa 1955 31.69 18.03 24.86
Dire Dawa 1960 31.26 18.68 24.97
Dire Dawa 1965 31.22 18.19 24.70
Dire Dawa 1970 31.07 18.79 24.93
Dire Dawa 1975 31.26 18.79 25.02
Dire Dawa 1980 31.20 19.60 25.40
Dire Dawa 1985 31.21 19.14 25.17
Dire Dawa 1990 31.45 19.30 25.37
Dire Dawa 1995 32.36 19.33 25.85
Dire Dawa 2000 32.58 18.79 25.68
Dire Dawa 2005 32.93 19.19 26.06
Dire Dawa 2010 32.65 19.15 25.90
Dire Dawa 2015 33.00 18.43 25.71
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 10.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Gode (1966–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Gode 1966 34.82 21.14 27.98
Gode 1970 35.00 22.63 28.82
Gode 1975 34.80 22.93 28.86
Gode 1980 34.39 23.46 28.92
Gode 1985 34.14 21.95 28.05
Gode 1990 34.62 23.38 29.00
Gode 2000 34.61 23.20 28.91
Gode 2005 35.21 24.24 29.72
Gode 2010 35.56 24.51 30.0
Gode 2015 35.31 24.04 29.67
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 11.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Gondar (1952–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Gondar 1952 25.65 11.90 18.77
Gondar 1955 25.87 11.42 18.65
Gondar 1960 25.46 11.28 18.37
Gondar 1965 26.63 12.55 19.59
Gondar 1970 27.04 12.76 19.90
Gondar 1975 26.71 13.35 20.03
Gondar 1980 26.55 13.40 19.97
Gondar 1984 26.77 13.55 20.16
Gondar 1990 26.7 12.32 19.54
Gondar 1995 27.33 14.37 20.85
Gondar 2000 27.30 11.58 19.44
Gondar 2005 27.46 13.88 20.67
Gondar 2010 28.00 13.45 20.73
Gondar 2015 27.40 13.94 20.67
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 12.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Gore (1952–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Gore 1952 22.16 12.56 17.36
Gore 1955 22.79 12.90 17.85
Gore 1960 23.40 12.94 18.17
Gore 1965 22.35 13.11 17.73
Gore 1970 23.41 13.06 18.24
Gore 1975 22.67 13.14 17.90
Gore 1980 23.44 13.77 18.60
Gore 1985 22.50 13.70 18.10
Gore 1990 25.20 14.70 19.95
Gore 1995 24.56 13.78 19.17
Gore 2000 24.01 13.64 18.82
Gore 2005 24.50 14.62 19.56
Gore 2010 24.20 14.65 19.42
Gore 2015 24.60 14.12 19.36
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 13.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Hawassa (1975–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Hawassa 1975 25.79 11.57 18.68
Hawassa 1980 27.18 12.61 19.90
Hawassa 1985 26.42 11.05 18.74
Hawassa 1990 27.21 12.30 19.76
Hawassa 1995 27.86 12.55 20.20
Hawassa 2000 27.35 12.41 19.88
Hawassa 2005 27.61 12.81 20.21
Hawassa 2010 27.05 14.20 20.62
Hawassa 2015 28.54 14.35 21.44
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 14.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Jimma (1952–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Jimma 1952 25.76 11.25 18.50
Jimma 1955 26.95 10.12 18.54
Jimma 1960 28.28 10.33 19.30
Jimma 1965 26.69 10.95 18.82
Jimma 1970 26.18 11.28 18.73
Jimma 1975 26.39 10.81 18.60
Jimma 1980 27.18 11.20 19.19
Jimma 1985 26.97 10.69 18.83
Jimma 1990 26.52 11.50 19.01
Jimma 1995 28.05 11.83 19.94
Jimma 2000 28.62 10.95 19.79
Jimma 2005 27.90 11.31 19.60
Jimma 2010 27.37 12.91 20.14
Jimma 2015 28.54 12.32 20.43
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 15.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Mekele (1960–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Mekele 1960 24.38 10.87 17.62
Mekele 1965 25.53 11.60 18.57
Mekele 1970 25.67 11.60 18.63
Mekele 1975 22.56 11.41 16.99
Mekele 1980 24.21 11.11 17.66
Mekele 1985 24.12 10.30 17.21
Mekele 1990 22.40 11.20 11.20
Mekele 1995 23.93 11.83 17.88
Mekele 2000 24.46 11.85 18.15
Mekele 2005 24.50 11.52 18.01
Mekele 2010 24.45 12.00 18.23
Mekele 2015 24.58 11.88 18.23
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 16.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Metehara (1985–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Metehara 1985 33.27 16.50 24.89
Metehara 1990 32.97 17.76 25.37
Metehara 1995 33.80 18.55 26.17
Metehara 2000 33.62 17.21 25.42
Metehara 2005 34.06 17.80 25.93
Metehara 2010 33.82 18.32 26.07
Metehara 2015 35.19 18.58 26.88
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 17.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Neghele (1952–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Neghele 1952 25.10 12.22 18.66
Neghele 1955 24.88 11.87 18.37
Neghele 1960 25.67 13.65 19.66
Neghele 1965 25.97 12.25 19.11
Neghele 1970 25.31 13.45 19.38
Neghele 1975 25.35 12.99 19.17
Neghele 1980 27.08 13.01 20.05
Neghele 1985 25.03 13.22 19.12
Neghele 1990 27.46 15.01 21.23
Neghele 1995 26.35 15.89 21.12
Neghele 2000 26.64 14.86 20.75
Neghele 2005 26.33 16.24 21.28
Neghele 2010 27.06 16.46 21.76
Neghele 2015 28.22 16.66 22.44
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 18.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Nekemte (1970–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Nekemte 1970 24.00 10.50 17.25
Nekemte 1975 23.15 10.97 17.06
Nekemte 1980 23.48 12.65 18.06
Nekemte 1985 23.18 12.11 17.65
Nekemte 1990 23.99 13.03 18.51
Nekemte 1995 24.35 13.16 18.75
Nekemte 2000 24.40 12.80 18.60
Nekemte 2005 24.87 13.28 19.00
Nekemte 2010 24.56 13.41 18.99
Nekemte 2015 24.15 12.99 18.57
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Table 19.

Variation of annual maximum and minimum temperature in Robe (1962–2015).

Year Average annual temp. (Max) Average annual temp. (Min) Mean annual temperature
Robe 1962 19.65 5.80 12.72
Robe 1965 18.40 5.97 12.19
Robe 1970 19.40 6.47 12.93
Robe 1975 19.69 5.95 12.82
Robe 1980 21.45 6.55 14.00
Robe 1985 21.22 9.01 15.12
Robe 1990 21.61 8.42 15.02
Robe 1995 21.91 7.95 14.93
Robe 2000 21.99 6.18 14.08
Robe 2005 22.45 7.95 15.20
Robe 2010 21.85 9.01 15.43
Robe 2015 22.83 8.60 15.72
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Source: Computed based on raw data from National Metrology Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 21.

Fig. 21

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Area cultivated under improved seeds, local seeds and fertilizer for cereals only in Ethiopia.Source: Computed based on raw data from Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 22.

Fig. 22

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Fertilizer applied area and types of fertilizer for cereals only in Ethiopia.Source: Computed based on raw data from Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia.

Fig. 23.

Fig. 23

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Major crops production in Ethiopia (1994/95–2014/15).Source: Computed based on raw data from Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia. Note: Grain refers to all cereals, pulses and oil seeds. 1 quintal=100 kg.

Fig. 24.

Fig. 24

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Consumer Price Index in Ethiopia.Source: Computed based on raw data from Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia.

2. Methods and materials

The unprocessed long-term elements of climate such as rainfall and temperature data obtain from the National Metrological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia were analyzed using tables and graphic trends of analysis. Annual rainfall and mean annual temperature of 18 representative weather stations were computed in order to calculate the country's mean annual rainfall and the inter-annual fluctuations and average annual temperature. The article used different year agricultural sample survey reports of Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia. Based on the data, the trends of major cereals crop production, area cultivated under improved seeds, local seeds, types of fertilizer and applied areas and the consumer price index in Ethiopia were calculated and presented. The author used Microsoft EXCEL software to analyze the data and present the result in graphs and tables.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund for granting scholarship to study Ph.D. in Norway and the National Metrological Agency of Ethiopia for providing long-term climate data.

Footnotes

Transparency document

Transparency data document associated with this article can be found in the online version at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.052.

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