Table 3c.

Relationship of Chronic Everyday Discrimination and Bodily Pain: Japanese (N=275)

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
Effect	β-Estimate	SE	P-value	β-Estimate	SE	P-value	β-Estimate	SE	P-value	β-Estimate	SE	P-value
Intercept	77.88	5.15	<.001	77.79	5.16	<.001	74.11	5.25	<.001	71.89	5.19	<.001
Time, 10 yrs	0.90	0.72	0.209	1.36	1.08	0.211	2.07	1.15	0.072	2.43	1.14	0.034
Chronic Discrimination*	−5.84	1.90	0.002	−5.75	1.90	0.003	−4.20	1.91	0.028	−3.48	1.86	0.062
Baseline Age, yrs**	−1.84	3.15	0.560	−1.47	3.20	0.646	−2.48	3.17	0.435	−2.44	3.07	0.428
Education
≤ high school	−5.44	2.89	0.061	−5.41	2.90	0.063	−5.56	2.87	0.054	−4.67	2.78	0.094
Some college	−6.21	2.46	0.012	−6.24	2.46	0.012	−6.96	2.43	0.005	−6.18	2.35	0.009
College	−4.90	2.49	0.050	−4.87	2.49	0.052	−5.44	2.46	0.028	−4.73	2.38	0.048
Graduate School	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
Number of pain medications
2	10.86	3.56	0.002	10.79	3.56	0.002	11.30	3.57	0.002	12.45	3.57	0.001
1	4.27	3.58	0.233	4.22	3.58	0.239	4.74	3.60	0.188	5.91	3.60	0.101
0	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
Post-menopausal
Yes				−0.61	1.11	0.586	−1.11	1.17	0.341	−1.55	1.17	0.185
No				Reference			Reference			Reference
HT use
Yes				−0.53	1.32	0.684	0.25	1.36	0.854	0.26	1.36	0.847
No				Reference			Reference			Reference
BMI, kg/m2**							−3.16	1.26	0.012	−3.11	1.23	0.012
Smoker
Yes							−0.04	2.03	0.982	−0.09	2.00	0.965
No							Reference			Reference
No. of upsetting life events
≥2							−3.19	1.00	0.001	−2.29	1.01	0.024
1							−1.74	0.93	0.062	−1.35	0.93	0.149
0							Reference			Reference
CES-D
16+										−5.78	1.13	<.001
<16										Reference

Models adjusted for: (1) baseline age, education, number of pain medications; (2) all variables in Model (1) plus post-menopausal status and HT use; (3) all variables in Model (2) plus BMI, smoking status, number of upsetting life events; (4) all variables in Model (3) plus CES-D. Menopausal status, hormone therapy use, BMI, smoking, life events, and CES-D in models 2, 3, 4 are all time varying. Significant associations are bolded.

^*Average discrimination up to and including the pain visit;

^**Centered