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. 2012 Aug 7;28(4):321–332. doi: 10.1007/s12264-012-1249-z

Ultrastructural analysis of neuronal synapses using state-of-the-art nano-imaging techniques

Changlu Tao 1, Chenglong Xia 1, Xiaobing Chen 2, Z Hong Zhou 1,3, Guoqiang Bi 1,✉
PMCID: PMC5561890  PMID: 22833032

Abstract

Neuronal synapses are functional nodes in neural circuits. Their organization and activity define an individual’s level of intelligence, emotional state and mental health. Changes in the structure and efficacy of synapses are the biological basis of learning and memory. However, investigation of the molecular architecture of synapses has been impeded by the lack of efficient techniques with sufficient resolution. Recent developments in state-of-the-art nano-imaging techniques have opened up a new window for dissecting the molecular organization of neuronal synapses with unprecedented resolution. Here, we review recent technological advances in nano-imaging techniques as well as their applications to the study of synapses, emphasizing super-resolution light microscopy and 3-dimensional electron tomography.

Keywords: synaptic architecture, nano-imaging, super-resolution imaging, STED microscopy, STORM, PALM, cryoET

Footnotes

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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