Effect of the pistachios on cell viability. Cell viability was assessed 24 h after treatment with the indicated concentrations (1.0 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, and 0.01 mg/mL) of NP and RP, respectively; cell viability was significantly reduced with NP at the highest concentration of 1 mg/mL. NP and RP at 0.5, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/mL lacked cytotoxicity. Moreover, incubation of cells with LPS significantly reduced cell viability compared to the control group, whereas pretreatment with NP at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL and RP at the concentrations of 0.0 and 0.1 mg/mL significantly limited reduction of cell viability. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments; *** p < 0.001 vs. Ctr; ###
p < 0.001 vs. LPS; ##
p < 0.01 vs. LPS; #
p < 0.05 vs. LPS.