. 2017 May 23;8(32):53028–53040. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18081

Table 2. Incidence and risk of acute kidney injury associated with different DPP4 inhibitor use among diabetic participants.

				Crude Model†		Fully adjusted Model*
Variables	Number of event	Duration (person-years)	Incidence density (per 1000 year)	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Incidence of acute kidney injury
Non-DPP4i users	2118	299800.0	7.1	1.00	-	1.00	-
DPP4i users	1304	309331.9	4.2	0.59	0.55 ∼ 0.63^a	0.57	0.53 ∼ 0.61^a
Non-DPP4i users	1623	227513.2	7.1	1.00	-	1.00	-
Sitagliptin users	1191	238378.6	5.0	0.69	0.64 ∼ 0.75^a	0.66	0.61 ∼ 0.71^a
Non-DPP4i users	291	43454.3	6.7	1.00	-	1.00	-
Vildagliptin users	54	42360.3	1.3	0.19	0.14 ∼ 0.25^a	0.19	0.14 ∼ 0.25^a
Non-DPP4i users	204	28832.6	7.1	1.00	-	1.00	-
Saxagliptin users	59	28593.0	2.1	0.29	0.22 ∼ 0.39^a	0.28	0.21 ∼ 0.38^a
Incident dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury
Non-DPP4i users	469	302235.0	1.6	1.00	-	1.00	-
DPP4i users	289	310358.4	0.9	0.60	0.51 ∼ 0.69^a	0.57	0.49 ∼ 0.66^a
Non-DPP4i users	363	229363.8	1.6	1.00	-	1.00	-
Sitagliptin users	265	239362.7	1.1	0.69	0.59 ∼ 0.81^a	0.66	0.56 ∼ 0.78^a
Non-DPP4i users	63	43807.5	1.4	1.00	-	1.00	-
Vildagliptin users	12	42376.9	0.3	0.20	0.11 ∼ 0.37^a	0.20	0.10 ∼ 0.37^a
Non-DPP4i users	43	29063.7	1.5	1.00	-	1.00	-
Saxagliptin users	12	28618.8	0.4	0.28	0.15 ∼ 0.53^b	0.30	0.16 ∼ 0.57^b

^a p < 0.0001; ^b p < 0.01

† Calculated by stratified Cox proportional regression

* Adjusted for age, gender, all comorbidities, and medications

CI, confidence interval; DPP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; HR, hazard ratio.