Table 1.

Profiles of respondents in expert interviews and selected terms for literature search.

Informant type	Number	Description
Technical experts	5	Experts included technical assistance providers to vaccine manufacturers, procurement agencies or funders, governments, and regulatory authorities. Areas of expertise included technical transfers, production, Good Manufacturing Practices, and business strategy
Procurement and technical assistance agencies	2	Manage pooled procurement and quality assurance on behalf of large donors and governments
Developing-country vaccine manufacturers	21	Manufacturers that supply to both national and international Expanded Programme on Immunization markets
Selected search terms for the literature search	Developing country vaccine manufacturers/Manufacturing, Emerging market vaccine manufacturers/Manufacturing, History of vaccine production/Manufacturing in developing countries, History of vaccine production/Manufacturing in emerging markets, Vaccine production/Manufacturing in: Africa/Asia/India/South America/Eastern Europe, Vaccine producer/Manufacturer viability, Vaccine, Producer/Manufacturer sustainability, Developing country vaccine markets, History of regulation of vaccines, WHO regulation of vaccines, History of Gavi, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), World Health Organization (WHO) vaccine prequalification process