AIF1-positive macrophages promoted the progression of HCC. (A) RAW264.7-shNC/shAIF1 was co-injected with Hepa1-6 to establish a subcutaneous tumor model. Tumor sizes and weights were smaller after co-injection of RAW264.7 cells with downregulated AIF1 and Hepa1-6 cells as compared with that after co-injection of control RAW264.7 cells and Hepa1-6 cells. (B) A lower expression of AIF1, CXCL16 and Ki67 were detected in tumors derived from co-injection of RAW264.7 cells with downregulated AIF1 and Hepa1-6 cells, as compared with those from co-injection of control RAW264.7 cells and Hepa1-6 cells. (C) In human HCC tissue, high expression of AIF1 in the adjacent liver tissue was associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.002) and disease-free survival (p = 0.002) after surgical resection; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. TPSA, total positive staining area. IOD, integrated optical density.