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. 2017 Apr 20;8(36):60605–60623. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17303

Figure 1. LncRNAs in epigenetic, transcriptional and translational regulation.

Figure 1

Nine mechanisms of epigenetic, transcriptional and translational regulation by lncRNAs are shown. A. LncRNAs act as a transcriptional guide by recruiting chromatin-modifying enzymes to target genes with activator (blue) or repressive (violet) histone marks. B. LncRNAs control the recruitment of transcription factors (TF) and core components of the transcriptional machinery. C. LncRNAs act as a transcriptional guide by accosting enhancer elements. D. LncRNAs bind mRNAs and splicing factors (SF) and modulate splicing processing. E. LncRNAs participate in the higher order organization of the nucleus by mediating spatial conformation of chromosomes and F. as structural components for the formation and function of nuclear bodies. G. LncRNAs modulate mRNA decay protecting mRNA from degradation or, alternatively, mediating the recruitment of degradation machinery. H. LncRNAs can act as miRNA sponges, thus favoring the expression of the mRNAs targeted by the sequestered miRNA. I. LncRNAs control translation rates favoring or inhibiting polysome loading to mRNAs.