Table 1. Comparison of marker gene expression between EPCs, porcine primordial germ cells, human mitotically active germ cells, porcine ovarian stem cells, and mouse germ line stem cells.
| Gene function | Gene code | Gene name | Porcine EPC | Porcine embryonic germ cell/primordial germ cell (Petkov 2011) [47] | Porcine ovarian putative stem cells (Bui 2014) [28] | Human mitotically active germ cells) (White 2012, Woods 2013) [27, 48] | Mouse female germ line stem cell (Xie 2014) [50] | Cultured mouse mitotically active germ cells (Imudia 2013) [49] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primitive germ cell marker | Prdm1/Blimp1 | PR/SET domain 1 | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Dppa3/Stella | Developmental pluripotency-associated 3 | no | no | not determined | yes | yes | yes | |
| Ifitm3/Fragilis | Interferon induced transmembrane protein 3 | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
| Tert | Telomerase reverse transcriptase | yes | yes | not determined | yes | not determined | not determined | |
| Commonly used germ line marker | Dazl | DAZ Homolog | no | not determined | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Ddx4/Vasa | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 4 | yes* | not determined | yes | yes | not determined | yes | |
| Kit/c-kit | KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase | yes | yes | yes | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Adad1/Tenr | Adenosine deaminase domain containing 1 | yes | yes | not determined | not determined | not determined | not determined | |
| Sycp2 | Synaptonemal complex protein 2 | yes | yes | not determined | not determined | not determined | not determined | |
| Meiosis marker | Stra8 | Stimulated By Retinoic Acid 8 | no | not determined | not determined | not determined | not determined | yes |
| Meioc | Meiosis Specific With Coiled-Coil Domain | no | not determined | not determined | not determined | not determined | not determined | |
| Oocyte/follicle marker | Figα | Folliculogenesis Specific BHLH Transcription Factor | no | not determined | not determined | not determined | yes | not determined |
| Zp1 | Zona Pellucida glycoprotein 1 | no | not determined | no | yes | yes | not determined | |
| Zp2 | Zona Pellucida glycoprotein 2 | no | not determined | not determined | yes | No | not determined | |
| Zp3 | Zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 | no | not determined | not determined | yes | yes | not determined | |
| Nobox | NOBOX oogenesis homeobox | no | not determined | not determined | yes | no | not determined | |
| Gdf9 | Growth differentiation factor 9 | yes | not determined | no | yes | yes | not determined | |
| Core-pluripotency marker | Sox2 | SRY-Box 2 | no | no | yes | not determined | no | yes |
| Oct4 | POU Class 5 Homeobox 1 | no | no | yes | not determined | yes | yes | |
| Nanog | Homeobox Transcription Factor Nanog | yes* | no | yes | not determined | no | yes | |
| Cell proliferation/sef-renewal marker | Rex1/Zfp42 | ZFP42 Zinc Finger Protein | no | no | yes | not determined | no | not determined |
| Myc | Proto-Oncogene C-Myc | yes | yes | yes | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Esrrb | Estrogen Related Receptor Beta | yes | yes | no | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Zfx | X-Linked Zinc Finger Protein | yes | not determined | not determined | not determined | yes | not determined | |
| Id2 | Inhibitor Of Differentiation 2 | yes | yes | not determined | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Klf4 | Kruppel-Like Factor 4 | yes | yes | yes | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Klf5 | Kruppel-Like Factor 5 | yes | yes | not determined | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Tbx3 | T-Box Protein 3 | yes | no | not determined | not determined | not determined | not determined | |
| Stat3 | Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 | yes | yes | not determined | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Fgfr1 | Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 | yes | yes | not determined | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Fgfr2 | Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 | yes | yes | not determined | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Lifr/Il6st | Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor | yes | yes | not determined | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Pparg | Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma | yes | not determined | not determined | not determined | no | not determined | |
| Cell cycle marker | Cdk1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 | yes | not determined | not determined | not determined | yes | not determined |
| Cdk2 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 | yes | not determined | not determined | not determined | yes | not determined | |
| Rpa1 | Replication protein A1 | yes | not determined | not determined | not determined | yes | not determined | |
| Rabgap1 | RAB GTPase activating protein 1 | yes | not determined | not determined | not determined | yes | not determined | |
| App | Amyloid beta precursor protein | yes | not determined | not determined | not determined | yes | not determined |
Footnote: * indicates that gene expression was not detected by RNA-sequencing after data normalization, but was detected in RT-PCR.