Table 4. Upstream regulators that negatively regulate EPC gene expression as determined by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.

Molecule type	Upstream regulator	Biological function	No. of target genes	P-value	IPA Z-score	Reference (DOI)
Transcription Regulator	NUPR1	Cell cycle	166	3.09E-14	−3.035	IPA Knowledge database
	PML	Regulation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway	58	2.22E-12	−3.195	IPA Knowledge database
	CDKN2A	Cell cycle negative regulator	100	3.37E-11	−2.147	IPA Knowledge database
	KLF3	Multicellular organismal development	112	1.48E-10	−7.504	IPA Knowledge database
	SMAD7	Negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway, negative regulation of cell migration	53	8.29E-10	−4.682	IPA Knowledge database
	KDM5A	Chromatin modification, chromatin organization	54	2.02E-09	−5.900	IPA Knowledge database
	KDM5B	Chromatin modification	55	3.34E-09	−4.673	IPA Knowledge database
	SPDEF	Germ cell migration	33	3.00E-08	−4.402	IPA Knowledge database
	IRF4	Interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway	46	1.48E-04	−4.662	IPA Knowledge database
	MXI1	Negatively regulate MYC function	10	1.51E-04	−2.919	IPA Knowledge database
Mature MicroRNA	miR-124-3p	Potential regulator of PIM1	118	1.36E-28	−10.788	Deng et al. 2016 (10.1111/cas.12946)
	miR-16-5p	Potential regulator of SMAD3	102	1.23E-24	−9.938	Li et al. 2015 (10.2174/1381612821666150909094712)
	miR-1-3p	Unknown	99	5.58E-24	−9.767	n/a
	let-7a-5p	Potential regulator of CCND1 and MYC	78	7.77E-20	−8.622	Ghanbari et al. 2015 (10.4137/BIC.S25252)
	miR-30c-5p	Potential regulator of EIF2A	63	2.14E-19	−7.805	Jiang et al. 2016 (10.1038/srep21565)
	miR-155-5p	Potential regulator of DNMT1	73	1.24E-15	−8.437	Zhang et al. 2015 (10.1093/nar/gkv518)
	miR-483-3p	Potential regulator of CDC25A	25	2.50E-08	−4.969	Bertero et al. 2013 (10.1038/cdd.2013.5)
	miR-133a-3p	Potential regulator of RBPJ	27	5.27E-08	−5.065	Huang et al. 2016 (ISSN:2156-6976/ajcr0040390/; PMID: 27904763)
	miR-145-5p	Potential regulator of OCT4 and KLF4	29	8.90E-08	−5.312	Xu et al. 2009 (10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.038)
	miR-29b-3p	Potential regulator of TGFB1	29	5.48E-07	−5.260	Lu et al. 2016 (10.1096/fj.201600722R)