Table 1.

Selected Characteristics of the 183 Studies of Depression or Depressive Symptoms^a

Source	Country	Survey Years	Year of Training	No. of Students	Age, y	Men, No. (%)	Instrument and Cutoff Score
Bore et al,52 2016	Australia	2013	1–5	127	Mean (SD): 23 (5.6)	32 (25.6)	DASS-21 ≥10
De Sousa Lima et al,67 2010	Brazil	2001	1–4	80	Range: 18–30	45 (56.3)	BDI ≥10
de Melo Cavestro and Rocha,652006	Brazil	2003	1–6	213	Mean (SD): 23.1 (2.3)	109 (51.2)	MINI ≥ DSM IV criteria
Amaral et al,39 2008	Brazil	2006	1–6	287	Mean: 21.3	131 (45.7)	BDI ≥10
Costa et al,61 2012	Brazil	2008	5, 6	84	NR	NR	BDI ≥10
Serra et al,147 2015	Brazil	2012	1–6	657	Mean: 22.7	255 (38.8)	BDI ≥10
Castaldelli-Maia et al,55 2012	Brazil	2001–2006	1–6	465	NR	NR	BDI ≥15
Alexandrino-Silva et al,34 2009	Brazil	2006–2007	1–6	336	Mean (SD): 22.4 (2.5)	105 (31)	BDI ≥21
Paro et al,130 2010	Brazil	2006–2007	1–6	352	Mean (SD): 22.3 (2.4)	134 (38.4)	BDI >9
Bassols et al,49 2014	Brazil	2010–2011	1, 6	232	Mean (SD): 23.1 (3.2)	117 (50.4)	BDI ≥11
Del-Ben et al,200 2013	Brazil	NR	1	85	Mean (SD): 19.1 (1.6)	58 (68.2)	BDI ≥10
Leão et al,66 2011	Brazil	NR	6	111	Mean (SD): 24.6 (1.4)	87 (56)	BDI ≥12
Hirata et al,87 2007	Brazil	NR	1–2	161	Mean (SD): 22.1 (2.1)	77 (47.8)	BDI >10
Baldassin et al,47 2008	Brazil	NR	1–6	481	Mean (SD): 21.9 (2.4)	195 (40.5)	BDI ≥10
Matheson et al,117 2016	Canada	2013	1–4	232	NR	NR	K-10 ≥20
Helmers et al,84 1997	Canada	1994–1995	1–4	356	Mean (SD): 23.5 (2.6)	185 (52)	DSP >50
Berner et al,51 2014	Chile	2012	1–5	384	Mean (SD): 20.8 (1.8)	224 (58.3)	GHQ-12 ≥5
Tang,163 2005	China	2003	2	121	NR	0	Zung-SDS ≥50
Shen et al,151 2009	China	2006	1	313	Mean (SD): 23.8 (1.8)	NR	Zung-SDS ≥53
Wan et al,4 2012	China	2010	1–5	4063	Mean (SD): 20.5 (1.1)	1895 (46.6)	Zung-SDS ≥50
Sobowale et al,160 2014	China	2012	2–3	348	NR	NR	PHQ-9 ≥10
Shi et al,154 2015	China	2014	1–5	1738	Mean (SD): 21.4 (1.6)	586 (33.7)	CES-D ≥16
Shi et al,153 2016	China	2014	1–7	2925	Mean (SD): 21.7 (2)	1028 (35.2)	CES-D ≥16
Pan et al,129 2016	China	2013–2014	1–5	8819	Mean (SD): 20.7 (1.6)	3415 (37.9)	BDI ≥14
Liao et al,110 2010	China	NR	1	487	Mean (SD): 18.5 (0.8)	181 (37.4)	Zung-SDS ≥50
Sun et al,162 2011	China	NR	1–2	10140	Mean (SD): 19.6 (1.3)	4680 (46.2)	BDI ≥10
Yang et al,6 2014	China	NR	1–5	1137	Range: 17–24	624 (54.9)	SCL-90 >2
Pinzón-Amado et al,137 2013	Colombia	2006	1–6	973	Mean (SD): 20.3 (2.3)	414 (43)	CES-D ≥16
Amir and Gillany,40 2010	Egypt	2010	1–6	311	Mean (SD): 20.7 (2.4)	164 (52.7)	HADS-D ≥8
Ibrahim and Abdelreheem,89 2015	Egypt	2013	1	164	NR	82 (50)	BDI ≥17
Abdel Wahed and Hassan,27 2016	Egypt	2015	1–4	442	Mean (SD): 20.2 (1.9)	172 (38.9)	DASS-21 ≥10
Eller et al,184 2006	Estonia	2003	1–6	413	Mean (SD): 21.3 (2.5)	95 (23)	EST-Q ≥12
Vaysse et al,171 2014	France	2012–2013	2	197	Mean (SD): 19.7 (0.9)	79 (39.9)	HADS-D ≥8
Prinz et al,2 2012	Germany	2008	4, 5	73	NR	54 (74)	HADS-D ≥11
Voltmer et al,172 2012	Germany	2010–2011	1, 2, 5	153	Mean (SD): 25.6 (3.1)	44 (28.7)	HADS-D ≥11
Kötter et al,107 2014	Germany	2011–2012	1	350	Mean (SD): 20.9 (3.2)	118 (33.7)	HADS-D ≥8
Wege et al,174 2016	Germany	2012–2013	1	590	Mean (SD): 21.1 (3.9)	177 (29.9)	PHQ-9 >10
Jurkat et al,100 2011	Germany	NR	1, 4	651	NR	252 (38.7)	BDI ≥11
Kohls et al,105 2012	Germany	NR	NR	419	NR	122 (29.1)	ADS-K >17
Nasioudis et al,126 2015	Greece	2013	1–3	146	Mean (SD): 19.8 (1)	91 (62.3)	Zung-SDS >45
Chan,57 1992	Hong Kong	NR	1	95	Mean (range): 19.6 (18–29)	64 (67.4)	BDI ≥19
Chan,56 1991	Hong Kong	NR	1–4	335	Mean (SD): 20.1 (1.6)	239 (71.3)	BDI ≥10
Kumar et al,26 2012	India	2008	1–4	400	NR	217 (54.3)	BDI ≥10
Gupta and Basak,82 2013	India	2008	1–5	150	Range: 18–26	104 (69.3)	BDI ≥10
David and Hamid Hashmi,64 2013	India	2012	1	128	Mean (range): 17.9 (17–21)	46 (35.9)	BDI ≥17
Vankar et al,170 2014	India	2012	1–4	331	Mean (SD): 19.8 (1.4)	178 (53.8)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Iqbal et al,95 2015	India	2012	1–5	353	Mean (SD): 20.8 (1.5)	145 (41.1)	DASS-42 ≥10
Ali and Vankar,37 1994	India	NR	1–3	215	Mean (range): 19.6 (17–25)	132 (61.4)	Zung-SDS ≥50
Supe,3 1998	India	NR	1–3	238	NR	128 (53.8)	Zung-SDS ≥40
Sidana et al,156 2012	India	NR	1–5	237	NR	126 (53.2)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Bayati et al,9 2009	Iran	2008	NR	172	NR	NR	GHQ-28 ≥23
Akbari et al,31 2014	Iran	2011	NR	138	NR	NR	GHQ-28 >6
Farahangiz et al,76 2016	Iran	2014	1–4	208	Mean (SD): 20.7 (1.1)	82 (39.4)	GHQ-28 ≥23
Vahdat Shariatpanaahi et al,150 2007	Iran	2004–2005	NR	192	Mean (SD): 24.5 (1.6)	0	BDI ≥10
Aghakhani et al,29 2011	Iran	NR	NR	628	Mean (SD): 22 (0.3)	334 (53.2)	BDI ≥10
Ashor,43 2012	Iraq	2010–2011	1–6	269	NR	147 (54.6)	Zung-SDS ≥50
Lupo and Strous,111 2011	Israel	NR	1–6	119	Mean (SD): 25.1 (2.8)	NR	BDI-II ≥10
Peleg-Sagy and Shahar,131 2012	Israel	NR	1–7	60	Mean (SD): 27 (2.9)	0	CES-D ≥16
Peleg-Sagy and Shahar,205 2013	Israel	NR	1, 4, 7	192	Mean (SD): 26.6 (2.6)	0	CES-D ≥16
Yoon et al,179 2014	Korea	NR	2, 3, 5	174	Mean (SD): 23.3 (2.8)	96 (55.2)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Naja et al,125 2016	Lebanon	2014	2–5	340	NR	145 (42.6)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Mehanna and Richa,119 2006	Lebanon	2003–2004	1–6	356	NR	NR	BDI ≥8
Bunevicius et al,53 2008	Lithuania	2005	NR	338	Mean (SD): 21 (1)	73 (21.6)	HADS-D ≥8
Mancevska et al,114 2008	Macedonia	2007–2008	1–2	354	NR	120 (33.9)	BDI ≥17
Sherina et al,152 2004	Malaysia	2002	1–5	396	Mean (range): 21.6 (18–29)	152 (38.4)	GHQ-12 ≥4
Tan et al,167 2015	Malaysia	2013	1–5	537	NR	188 (35)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Yusoff et al,46 2011	Malaysia	2008	5	92	NR	25 (27.2)	BDI ≥9
Yusoff,181 2013	Malaysia	2009–2010	1	194	NR	66 (34)	DASS-21 ≥14
Yusoff et al,210 2013	Malaysia	2010–2011	1	170	NR	57 (32.8)	DASS-21 ≥10
Saravanan and Wilks,145 2014	Malaysia	NR	1–5	358	NR	177 (49.4)	DASS-21 ≥10
Manaf et al,113 2016	Malaysia	NR	2–5	206	Mean (SD): 19.5 (2.6)	0	PHQ-9 ≥5
Guerrero López et al,7 2013	Mexico	2007	1	455	Mean (SD): 18.3 (1.2)	139 (30.5)	CES-D ≥16
Romo-Nava et al,142 2016	Mexico	2011	1–5	1068	NR	421 (39.4)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Melo-Carrillo et al,120 2012	Mexico	2006–2007	1–4	302	NR	NR	BDI ≥10
Nava et al,127 2013	Mexico	2010–2011	1, 5	1871	NR	707 (37.9)	PHQ-9 ≥10
El-Gilany et al,75 2008	Multiple	2007	1–6	588	Mean: 20.8	588 (100)	HADS-D ≥12
Seweryn et al,148 2015	Multiple	2015	1–6	1262	Median: 22	345 (27.3)	BDI ≥10
Sreeramareddy et al,161 2007	Nepal	2005–2006	NR	407	Mean (SD): 20.7 (1.8)	227 (55.8)	GHQ-12 ≥4
Basnet et al,48 2012	Nepal	2008–2009	1, 3	94	Mean (SD): 21.2 (1.7)	57 (60.6)	Zung-SDS ≥50
Borst et al,197 2015	Netherlands	2010–2011	1–6	951	Mean (SD): 23 (2.6)	279 (29)	BSI-DEP >0.41
Carter et al,54 2014	New Zealand	2010	4–6	198	Mean (SD): 23.5 (2.1)	75 (38.1)	DASS-21 ≥14
Samaranayake and Fernando,144 2011	New Zealand	2008–2009	3	255	Median (range): 20 (18–36)	123 (48.2)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Oku et al,128 2015	Nigeria	2010	1, 2, 4, 5	451	Mean (SD): 23.4 (4.4)	288 (63.8)	GHQ-12 ≥4
Aniebue and Onyema,42 2008	Nigeria	2008–2009	NR	262	Mean (SD): 23.7 (2.7)	133 (50.8)	Zung-SDS ≥50
Rab et al,138 2008	Pakistan	2002	1–5	87	Mean (SD): 20.7 (1.9)	0	HADS-D ≥8
Jadoon et al,97 2010	Pakistan	2008	1–5	482	Mean (SD): 20.7 (1.8)	257 (53.3)	AKUADS ≥19
Marwat,116 2013	Pakistan	2011	3	166	NR	73 (28.7)	Zung-SDS ≥50
Imran et al,92 2016	Pakistan	2013	NR	527	Mean (SD): 20.2 (2.3)	282 (53.5)	GHQ-12 >15
Khan et al,103 2015	Pakistan	2014	3	110	Mean: 21	55 (50)	HADS-D ≥8
Ali et al,36 2015	Pakistan	2014	1–2	182	NR	114 (62.6)	AKUADS >19
Rizvi et al,140 2015	Pakistan	2014	1–5	66	Mean (SD): 22.2 (1.3)	28 (40)	DASS-42 ≥10
Alvi et al,38 2010	Pakistan	2007–2008	2–5	279	Mean (SD): 21.4 (1.4)	77 (27.6)	BDI-II ≥14
Waqas et al,173 2015	Pakistan	2014–2015	1–5	409	Mean (SD): 19.9 (1.3)	123 (30)	HADS-D ≥8
Inam et al,93 2003	Pakistan	NR	1–4	189	NR	60 (31.7)	AKUADS ≥19
Khan et al,11 2006	Pakistan	NR	1–5	142	Mean (SD): 21.3 (1.9)	59 (41.5)	AKUADS ≥19
Perveen et al,133 2016	Pakistan	NR	1,5	1000	NR	431 (43.1)	QIDS ≥9
Mojs et al,122 2015	Pakistan	NR	NR	477	NR	NR	KADS ≥6
Phillips et al,134 2006	Panama	2005	1–6	122	NR	63 (51.6)	Zung-SDS ≥50
Pereyra-Elías et al,132 2010	Peru	2010	1–4	590	Mean (SD): 19 (2.5)	184 (28.9)	Zung SF ≥22
Valle et al,169 2013	Peru	2010	1–6	615	Mean (SD): 22 (4.5)	357 (58)	Zung-SDS ≥50
Walkiewicz et al,209 2012	Poland	1999–2005	2	178	NR	NR (69)	MMPI-D >70
Adamiak et al,28 2004	Poland	NR	2, 4	263	Mean: 22.3	NR	BDI ≥12
Inam,94 2007	Saudi Arabia	2002	1–3	226	NR	149 (65.9)	AKUADS ≥19
Aziz et al,45 2011	Saudi Arabia	2010	1–5	295	Mean (SD): 21.6 (1.7)	0	BDI-II ≥20
AlFaris et al,35 2014	Saudi Arabia	2011	1–2	543	NR	340 (62.6)	BDI-II ≥14
Ibrahim et al,91 2013	Saudi Arabia	2012	2–6	558	Mean (SD): 21.7 (1.8)	300 (50.3)	HADS-D ≥11
Ibrahim et al,90 2013	Saudi Arabia	2010–2011	2–6	450	Mean (SD): 21.1 (1.4)	0	HADS-D ≥11
Kulsoom and Afsar,108 2015	Saudi Arabia	2012–2013	1–5	442	NR	274 (62)	DASS-21 ≥14
Al-Faris et al,8 2012	Saudi Arabia	NR	1–5	797	Mean (SD): 21.6 (1.6)	590 (74)	BDI ≥10
Saeed et al,143 2016	Saudi Arabia	NR	NR	80	Mean (SD): 25.9 (1.5)	55 (68.8)	K-10 ≥20
Ristić-Ignjatović et al,139 2013	Serbia	2002–2012	4	615	Mean (SD): 23.6 (1.5)	239 (36.8)	BDI ≥10
Miletic et al,121 2015	Serbia	2012–2013	1, 3, 6	1294	Mean (SD): 21.9 (2.8)	500 (38.6)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Pillay et al,136 2016	South Africa	NR	1–5	230	Mean: 21	66 (28.7)	Zung-SDS >30
Jeong et al,99 2010	South Korea	2008	1–2	89	NR	0	CES-D ≥16
Kim and Roh,104 2014	South Korea	2011	1–2	122	NR	92 (75.4)	BDI ≥10
Choi et al,60 2015	South Korea	2013	1–4	534	NR	308 (57.7)	BDI-II ≥17
Roh et al,141 2009	South Korea	2006–2007	1–4	7357	NR	NR	BDI ≥16
Dahlin et al,63 2011	Sweden	2006	NR	408	Median (range): 24 (22–27)	157 (36.5)	MDI >27
Dahlin et al,62 2005	Sweden	2001–2002	1, 3, 6	309	Mean (range): 26.1 (18–44)	126 (39.8)	DSM-IV criteria A and C
Kongsomboon,106 2010	Thailand	2008	1–6	593	Mean (range): 20.7 (15–27)	243 (41)	HRSRS ≥25
Angkurawaranon et al,41 2016	Thailand	2013	2–6	1014	Mean (SD): 20.8 (1.5)	476 (46.9)	PHQ-9 ≥9
N Wongpakaran and T Wongpakaran,177 2010	Thailand	NR	1–5	368	Mean (SD): 20.8 (1)	155 (42)	TDI >35
Youssef,180 2016	Trinidad and Tobago	NR	1–3	381	Mean (SD): 22.4 (3)	126 (0.3)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Güleç et al,81 2005	Turkey	1993	1–6	668	Mean (SD): 21.1 (2)	658 (96.2)	BDI ≥17
Akvardar et al,32 2003	Turkey	2002	1, 6	447	Mean (SD): 21 (1.2)	272 (39.1)	HADS-D ≥7
Marakoğlu et al,115 2006	Turkey	2006	1–2	331	Mean (SD): 19.5 (1.4)	186 (56.2)	BDI ≥10
Mayda et al,118 2010	Turkey	2009	1–5	202	Mean (SD): 20.5 (2.2)	85 (40.1)	BDI ≥17
Yilmaz et al,178 2014	Turkey	2010	1–6	995	Mean (SD): 21.1 (1.9)	517 (52)	BDI ≥10
Aktekin et al,196 2001	Turkey	1996–2002	1–2	119	NR	NR	GHQ-12 ≥4
Karaoğlu and Şeker,101 2011	Turkey	2008–2009	1–3	485	Mean (SD): 19.5 (1.5)	272 (56.1)	HADS-D ≥8
Baykan et al,50 2012	Turkey	NR	6	193	Mean (SD): 24.5 (1.5)	107 (55.4)	DASS-42 ≥10
Akvardar et al,33 2004	Turkey	NR	1, 6	166	NR	NR	HADS-D ≥7
Kaya et al,102 2007	Turkey	NR	NR	352	NR	226 (64.2)	BDI ≥17
Ahmed et al,30 2009	UAE	2008	1–5	165	NR	0	BDI ≥10
James et al,98 2013	UK	2007	1	324	NR	194 (60)	GHQ-12 ≥4
Honney et al,88 2010	UK	2008	NR	553	Mean (SD): 21.6 (3)	220 (39.8)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Ashton and Kamali,44 1995	UK	1993–1994	2	186	Mean (SD): 20.4 (1.8)	77 (40.7)	HADS-D ≥8
Newbury-Birch et al,204 2001	UK	1995, 1998	5	114	NR	38 (33.3)	HADS-D ≥8
Quince et al,206 2012	UK	2007–2010	1–6	2155	NR	122 (43.2)	HADS-D ≥8
Guthrie et al,201 1998	UK	NR	1	172	NR	88 (51.2)	GHQ-12 ≥4
Pickard et al,135 2000	UK	NR	2	136	NR	46 (33.8)	HADS-D ≥8
Herzog et al,86 1987	US	1985	1–2	200	Mean (range): 23.1 (19–31)	NR	BDI ≥10
Hendryx et al,85 1991	US	1988	1	110	Mean (SD): 24.1 (3.1)	70 (63.6)	BDI ≥10
Givens and Tjia,78 2002	US	1994	1–2	194	NR	83 (43)	BDI-SF ≥8
Thomas et al,164 2007	US	2004	1–4	535	NR	248 (45.4)	PRIME-MD
Dyrbye et al,72 2006	US	2004	NR	545	NR	245 (45)	PRIME-MD
Shah et al,149 2009	US	2005	1–4	2683	Mean (SD): 26 (3.2)	1076 (40)	CES-D ≥19
Dyrbye et al,71 2007	US	2006	1–4	1691	NR	777 (46)	PRIME-MD
Smith et al,159 2011	US	2008	1–5	480	Mean (range): 26.3 (18–51)	480 (100)	CES-D ≥16
Smith et al,158 2010	US	2008	1–5	844	Mean (SD): 25.7 (4.1)	844 (100)	CES-D ≥16
Shindel et al,155 2011	US	2008	1–5	1241	Mean (SD): 25.4 (3.4)	0	CES-D ≥16
Schwenk et al,146 2010	US	2009	1–4	504	NR	210 (41.6)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Wimsatt et al,175 2015	US	2009	1–4	505	NR	210 (41.6)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Dyrbye et al,69 2010	US	2009	1–4	2661	NR	1352 (51.4)	PRIME-MD
Chang et al,59 2012	US	2010	1–3	364	NR	160 (44)	PRIME-MD
Jackson et al,96 2016	US	2012	1–4	4354	Median (range): 25 (22–32)	1957 (45.3)	PRIME-MD
Dyrbye et al,68 2015	US	2012	2–4	870	NR	442 (50.9)	PRIME-MD
Thompson et al,166 2016	US	2013	1–4	153	NR	75 (46.6)	PHQ-9 ≥10
Gold et al,80 2015	US	2013	1–5	183	NR	79 (43.2)	PRIME-MD
Lapinski et al,109 2016	US	2014	1–4	1294	NR	681 (52.6)	PHQ-9 ≥5
Zoccolillo et al,183 1986	US	1982–1984	1–2	304	NR	NR	BDI ≥10
Vitaliano et al,208 1988	US	1984–1985	1	312	Mean (SD): 25.6 (3.5)	196 (63)	BDI ≥5
Rosal et al,207 1997	US	1987–1993	2	171	NR	140 (51)	CES-D ≥80th percentile
Camp et al,198 1994	US	1991–1993	1	232	NR	153 (65.9)	Zung-SDS ≥50
Mosley et al,123 1994	US	1992–1993	3	69	Mean (range): 26 (24–37)	47 (68)	CES-D ≥16
Levine et al,202 2006	US	2000–2003	2	330	NR	NR	BDI ≥8
Tjia et al,168 2005	US	2001–2002	1–4	322	Mean (SD): 25.3 (2.6)	175 (54.4)	BDI-SF ≥8
Thompson et al,165 2010	US	2002–2003	3	44	NR	NR	CES-D ≥16
Goebert et al,79 2009	US	2003–2004	1–4	1184	NR	NR	CES-D ≥16
Dyrbye et al,70 2011	US	2006, 2007, 2009	4	1428	NR	NR	PRIME-MD
Haglund et al,10 2009	US	2006–2007	3	101	Mean (SD): 25.4 (2.2)	47 (47)	BDI-II ≥14
Dyrbye et al,73 2008	US	2006–2007	1–4	2228	NR	1159 (51.6)	PRIME-MD
Ghodasara et al,77 2011	US	2008–2009	1–3	301	NR	154 (51)	BDI-II ≥14
Hardeman et al,83 2015	US	2010–2011	1	3149	NR	1592 (49.4)	PROMIS-T >60
Ludwig et al,203 2015	US	2010–2014	3	336	NR	NR	CES-D >16
Dyrbye et al,74 2014	US	2011–2012	1–4	4402	Median: 25	1972 (45.1)	PRIME-MD
Wolf and Rosenstock,176 2016	US	2012–2013	1–4	130	NR	NR	PRIME-MD
Mousa et al,124 2016	US	2013–2014	1–4	336	NR	NR	PRIME-MD
Clark and Zeldow,199 1988	US	NR	2	110	Mean (SD): 23.6 (2.9)	80 (73)	BDI ≥8
MacLean et al,112 2016	US	NR	1–4	385	NR	NR	PRIME-MD
Chandavarkar et al,58 2007	US	NR	1–4	427	NR	145 (34)	BDI-II ≥21
Zeldow et al,182 1987	US	NR	NR	99	Mean: 25.4	67 (67.7)	BDI-II ≥14
Smith et al,157 2007	US	NR	NR	438	Mean (SD): 24.8 (2.8)	318 (72.6)	BDI ≥10

Abbreviations: ADS-K, General Depression Scale Short Form (in German); AKUADS, Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BDI-SF, BDI Short Form; BSI-DEP, Brief Symptom Inventory Depression; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; DASS, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; DSP, Derogatis Stress Profile; EST-Q, Emotional State Questionnaire; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HRSRS, Health-Related Self-Reported Scale; K-10, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; KADS, Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale; MDI, Major Depression Inventory; MINI, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MMPI-D, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Depression Scale; NR, not reported; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PRIME-MD, Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders; PROMIS-T, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; QIDS, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology; SCL-90, 90-item Symptom Checklist; TDI, Thai Depression Inventory; UAE, United Arab Emirates; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States; Zung-SDS, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; Zung-SF, Zung-SDS Short Form.

^aStudies are ordered alphabetically by country and then by year of survey.