Table 1. Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients in the discovery and validation studies.
| Variables | Discovery study (N=26) |
Validation study (Immunohistochemical staining) (N=127) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age† Mean ±SD (range) | 59.80 ±13.6 (37-85) | 57.03 ±14.6 (24-88) | 0.819 |
| Gender (%) | |||
| Male | 18 (69) | 97 (77) | 0.442 |
| Female | 8 (31) | 30 (24) | |
| Smoking status (%) | |||
| Never | 9 (35) | 32 (25) | 0.323 |
| Current/former | 17 (65) | 95 (75) | |
| Alcohol status (%) | |||
| Never | 10 (38) | 23 (18) | 0.022 |
| Current/former | 16 (62) | 104 (82) | |
| Surgery (%) | |||
| Partial resection | 3 (12) | 33 (26) | 0.396 |
| Hemi glossectomy | 4 (15) | 14 (11) | |
| Subtotal glossectomy | 17 (65) | 66 (52) | |
| Total glossectomy | 2 (8) | 14 (11) | |
| Treatment form (%) | |||
| Surgery alone | 22 (84) | 112 (88) | 0.623 |
| Surgery + PORT | 2 (8) | 7 (5) | |
| Surgery + POCRT | 2 (8) | 8 (6) | |
| pT stage (%) | |||
| T1-2 | 3 (12) | 35 (28) | 0.085 |
| T3-4 | 23 (88) | 92 (72) | |
| pN stage (%) | |||
| N0-1 | 10 (38) | 45 (35) | 0.769 |
| T2-3 | 16 (62) | 82 (65) | |
| UICC pStage (%) | |||
| Stage III | 2 (8) | 36 (28) | 0.051 |
| Stage IVa | 24 (92) | 89 (70) | |
| Stage IVb | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | |
| Histological differentiation (%) | |||
| Well | 20 (77) | 81 (64) | 0.197 |
| Moderate/poor | 6 (23) | 46 (36) | |
| Extranodal spread of lymph node metastasis (%) | |||
| Absent | 24 (92) | 96 (76) | 0.059 |
| Present | 2 (8) | 31 (24) | |
| Positive Margin | |||
| Absent | 25 (96) | 107 (84) | 0.138 |
| Present | 1 (4) | 20 (16) | |
| Vascular invasion (%) | |||
| Absent | 4 (15) | 24 (19) | 0.673 |
| Present | 22 (85) | 103 (81) | |
| Lymphatic invasion (%) | |||
| Absent | 21 (81) | 101 (80) | 0.866 |
| Present | 5 (19) | 26 (20) | |
| Perineural invasion (%) | |||
| Absent | 15 (58) | 68 (54) | 0.296 |
| Present | 11 (42) | 59 (46) |
NOTE: The t-test was used for continuous variable and the Pearson test or Kruskal-Wallis test for categorical variables. †Continuous variables. UICC, Union for International Cancer Control; PORT, postoperative radiotherapy; POCRT, postoperative chemoradiotherapy.