Table 4. Previous studies of prognostic factors in patients with CUP.

Reference	Number of Patients	Adverse prognostic factors
		Univariated analysis	Multivariable analysis
Kambhu [21]	57	Poor performance status	Visceral metastases below the diaphragm
		Visceral metastases below the diaphragm
Hainsworth [14]	220	Dominant tumor location outside retroperitoneum and peripheral lymph nodes	Dominant tumor location outside retroperitoneum and peripheral lymph nodes
		Number of metastatic sites (>3)	Number of metastatic sites (>3)
		Elevated serum CEA	Positive smoking history
		Elevated serum LDH	Older age
		Positive smoking history
Abbruzzese [22]	657	Male	Male
		Adenocarcinoma histology	Adenocarcinoma histology
		Number of metastatic sites	Number of metastatic sites
		Lung metastases	Liver metastases
		Liver metastases
		Bone mtastases
		Pleura metastases
		Brain metastases
van der Gaast [23]	79	Poor performance status	Poor performance status
		Adenocarcinoma histology	Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase
		Bone mtastases
		Liver metastases
		Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase
		Serum AST
Culine [13]	150	Performance status 2 or 3	Performance status 2 or 3
		Liver metastases	Elevated serum LDH
		Elevated serum alkaline phosephatase
		Elevated serum LDH
Raghav [19]	47	Number of metastatic sites >3	Number of metastatic sites >3
		Elevated LDH	Elevated LDH
		Lung metastases	Tissue of origin not tested
		First line treatment
		Tissue of origin not tested