Table 4.
Lactic and propionic acid bacteria showing antifungal activities and their responsible compounds.
| Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Propionibacteria | Matrix | Metabolites | Targets | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus Lactococcus | ||||
| Lc. lactis | Lab-Lemco tryptone broth (LTB) | Nd * | Aspergillus flavus | [162] |
| LTB | Nisin | Aspergillus parasiticus | [163] | |
| Potatoe Dextrose Agar (PDA) + 0.1% Triton X-100 | Nd * | Aspergillus fumigatus, A. parasiticus, A. flavus | [164] | |
| PDA + 0.1% Triton X-100 | Possibly proteinaceous compound(s) | Fusarium spp., A. flavus, A. parasiticus | [165] | |
| LTB and PDA | Possibly proteinaceous compound(s), lactic acid | Penicillium expansum | [166] | |
| Genus Lactobacillus | ||||
| Lactobacillus spp. | De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar | Acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, peptides | Penicillium candidum, Debaryomyces hansenii | [167] |
| Group Lb. alimentarius/Lb. farciminis | ||||
| Lb. paralimentarus | Modified Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (mSDB) medium | Lactic acid, phenyllactic acid, acetic acid, peptides | Aspergillus japonicus, Eurotium repens, Penicillium roseopurpureum | [168] |
| Group Lb. brevis | ||||
| Lb. brevis | PDA | Peptide | Penicillium roqueforti | [169] |
| wheat flour hydrolysate (WFH) broth | Acetic acid, phenyllactic acid, lactic acid | Fusarium graminearum | [170] | |
| mMRS agar | Organic acids and proteinaceous compounds | Fusarium spp. | [171] | |
| MRS agar or PDA | Peptide | Penicillium camemberti, P. roqueforti, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Torulopsis candida, Meyerozyma guillermondii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae | [172] | |
| Group Lb. casei | ||||
| Lb. casei | PDA + 0.1% Triton X-100 | Possibly proteinaceous compound(s) | A. flavus, A. parasiticus, Fusarium sp. | [165] |
| PDA | Peptide | Penicillium citrinum, P. expansum, A. flavus | [173] | |
| Yoghurt | Lactic acid and cyclo-(Leu-Pro) | Penicillium sp. | [174] | |
| LTB and PDA | Possibly proteinaceous compound(s), lactic acid | P. expansum | [166] | |
| Lb. paracasei | Yoghurt and cheese surface | Propionic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, 3-phynyllactic acid, hydroxyphenyllactic acid | Candida pulcherrima, Candida magnoliae, Candida parapsilosis, Zygosaccharomyces bailii | [151] |
| MRS agar | Peptide | Candida albicans, Candida blankii, Candida pseudointermedia | [175] | |
| Chemically defined interaction medium | Diacetyl | Penicillium solitum, Penicillium sp. | [153] | |
| Yoghurt and acidified milk | Diacetyl, acetic acid, butanoic acid, 2,3-pentadione | P. solitum, Penicillium sp. | [153] | |
| Lb. rhamnosus | Yoghurt | Acetic acid, lactic acid | Rhodotorula mucilaginosa | [15,158] |
| Group Lb. coryniformis | ||||
| Lb. coryniformis | MRS agar or PDA | Peptide +/−3 KDa, phenyllactic acid, cyclo(Phe-Pro), cyclo(Phe-OH-Pro), reuterin | Broad spectrum | [147] |
| Group Lb. delbrueckii | ||||
| Lb. acidophilus | PDA + 0.1% Triton X | Nd * | A. fumigatus | [164] |
| Lb. amylovorus | MRS broth | 3-phenylpropanoic acid, p-coumaric, (E)-2-methylcinnamic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, d-glucuronic acid, salicylic acid, cytidine and 2′-deoxycytidine, sodium decanoate, | A. fumigatus, Fusarium culmorum | [175] |
| Cheese | Cyclo(l-Pro-l-Pro), cyclo(l-Leu-l-Pro), cyclo(l-Tyr-l-Pro) cyclo(l-Met-l-Pro) and cyclo(l-His-l-Pro) | P. roqueforti, P. expansum | [176] | |
| Milk agar and cheese | dl-ρ-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, (S)-(−)-2-hydroxyisocapric acid, azelaic acid, phenyllactic acid, benzoic acid, hydrocinnacmic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, dl-β-hydroxylauric acid, decanoic acid, salicylic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic acid, (S)-(−)-2-hydroxyisocapric acid | P. expansum | [177] | |
| Lb. delbrueckii | LTB and PDA | Possibly proteinaceous compound(s), lactic acid | P. expansum | [166] |
| Group Lb. fructivorans | ||||
| Lb. sanfranciscencis | Malt-agar medium | Caproic acid, propionic acid, butyrix acid, acetic acid, valeric acid | F. graminearum | [178,179] |
| Group Lb. perolens | ||||
| Lb. harbinensis | Yoghurt | Acetic acid, lactic acid | Yarrowia lipolytica, P. expansum, Penicillium brevicompactum, D. hansenii, R. mucilaginosa, Kluyveromyces lactis | [15,158] |
| Group Lb. plantarum | ||||
| Lb. pentosus | MRS | Peptide | A. niger | [180] |
| MRS agar | Peptide, phenyllactic and hydroxyphenyllactic acid | Penicillium nalgiovense, Aspergillus candidus | [181] | |
| Lb. plantarum | mMRS agar | (S)-(−)-2-hydroxyisocapric acid, hydrocinnamic acid, phenyllactic acid, decanoic acid, azelaic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, dl-Þ-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid | Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum | [182] |
| MRS broth | Benzoic acid, 5-methyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione, tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 3-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5-piperazinedione, cyclo(glycyl-l-leucyl)). | Fusarium avenaceum | [183] | |
| MRS agar | Lactic acid, PLA, cyclo(l-Leu-l-Pro), cyclo(l-Phe-l-Pro) | A. niger, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum | [184] | |
| Wheat flour hydrolysate (WFH) | Phenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxy-phenillactic acid | E. repens, Eurotium rubrum, Penicillium corylophilum, P. roqueforti, P. expansum, Endomyces fibuliger, A. niger, A. flavus, Monilia sitophila, F. graminearum | [185] | |
| MRS broth | 3-phenyllactic acid, cyclo(Phe-Pro), cyclo(Phe-OH-Pro), cyclo(l-Phe-LPro) and cyclo(l-Phe-trans-4-OH-l-Pro) dipeptides | Fusarium sporotrichioides, A. fumigatus, K. marxianus | [186] | |
| Wheat flour hydrolysate (WFH) | Acetic acid, phenyllactic acid, lactic acid | F. graminearum, A. niger | [170] | |
| MRS agar | 3-(R)-hydroxydecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-5-cis-dodecenoic acid, 3-(R)-hydroxydodecanoic acid and 3-(R)-hydroxytetradecanoic acid | A. fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, K. marxianus, P. roqueforti, Penicillium commune, Penicillium anomala, R. mucilaginosa | [187] | |
| MRS agar plates | Acetic acid | A. flavus, F. graminearum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Sclerotium oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia minor | [188] | |
| MRS agar | Peptide, phenyl-lactic and hydroxy-phenyllactic acid | P. nalgiovense, P. camemberti, Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium chrysogenum, A. candidus, A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. fumigatus, Galactomyces geotrichum, Moniliella spp., Mucor racemosus, Wallemia sebi, Eurotium herbariorum | [181] | |
| Soybean | 3,6-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5-piperazinedion | A. flavus | [189] | |
| MRS agar plates | 3-3-phenyllactic acid (PLA), lactic acid, acetic acid | A. fumigatus, Rhizopus stolonifer | [190] | |
| MRS agar medium, apple-based agar growth medium | Lactic acid, acetic acid | P. expansum, Penicillium notatum | [191] | |
| MRS agar medium | 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid | A. niger, Aspergillus tubingensis, Penicillium crustosum | [192] | |
| PDA plates | 3-PLA, benzeneacetic acid, 2-propenyl ester | B. cinerea, Glomerella cingulate, Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker, P. citrinum, Penicillium digitatum, F. oxysporum | [193] | |
| Chopped Meat Carbohydrate (CMC) broth | Lactic acid | F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. oxyporum | [194] | |
| Group Lb. reuteri | ||||
| Lb. fermentum | MRS | Peptide | A. niger | [180] |
| Lb. reuteri | Wheat flour hydrolysate (WFH) broth | Acetic acid, phenyllactic acid, lactic acid | F. graminearum, A. niger | [170] |
| mMRS agar | Acid, vanillic acid, dl-Þ-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, (S)-(-)-2–hydroxyisocapric acid, hydrocinnamic acid, phenyllactic acid, decanoic acid, azelaic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric | M. canis, M. gypseum, E. floccosum | [182] | |
| Lb. rossiae | mSDB agar medium | Lactic acid, phenyllactic acid, acetic acid, peptides | A. japonicus, E. repens, P. roseopurpureum | [168] |
| Group Lb. sakei | ||||
| Lb. sakei | MRS | Sakacin KTU05-6 | A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Aspergillus versicolor, F. culmorum, Fusarium poae, Mucor spp., P. chrysogenum, P. expansum, Penicillium spp. | [195] |
| Genus Pediococcus | ||||
| Pc. acidilactici | MRS | Pediocin KTU05-08 | A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. versicolor, F. culmorum, F. poae, Mucor spp., P. chrysogenum, P. expansum, Penicillium spp. | [195] |
| Pc. pentosaceous | MRS | Peptide | A. niger | [180] |
| MRS agar plates | Acetic acid | A. flavus, F. graminearum, R. stolonifer, S. oryzae, R. solani, B. cinerea, S. minor | [188] | |
| MRS | Pediocin KTU05-09, KTU05-10 and AcKTU05-67 | A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. versicolor, F. culmorum, F. poae, Mucor spp., P. chrysogenum, P. expansum, Penicillium spp. | [195] | |
| MRS agar medium | Possibly cyclic dipeptide | P. expansum, Penicillium notatum | [191] | |
| Genus Weissella | ||||
| W. confusa | MRS agar medium | Lactic acid, acetic acid | P. expansum, P. notatum | [191] |
| W. cibaria | MRS agar medium | Lactic acid, acetic acid | P. expansum, P. notatum | [191] |
| W. paramesenteroides | MRS agar medium | 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid | A. niger, A. tubingensis, P. crustosum | [192] |
| MRS agar plates | Acetic acid | A. flavus, F. graminearum, R. stolonifer, S. oryzae, B. cinerea, S. minor | [188] | |
| Genus Propionibacteria | ||||
| P. acidipropionici | Sodium lactate (SL) medium | Lactic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid | A. fumigatus | [196] |
| MRS | Propionic acid, acetic acid | R. mucilaginosa, P. roqueforti, A. fumigatus | [196] | |
| MRS-acetate | Propionic acid, acetic acid | R. mucilaginosa, P. roqueforti, A. fumigatus | [196] | |
| SL broth | PLA | A. fumigatus | [196] | |
| P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii | Skim milk | propionic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid | P. chrysogenum | [159] |
| MRS | Acetic acid, propionic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxy-phenyllactic acid | P. chrysogenum | [159] | |
| MRS | Propionic acid, acetic acid | P. roqueforti, A. fumigatus | [196] | |
| MRS-acetate | Propionic acid, acetic acid | R. mucilaginosa, P. roqueforti, A. fumigatus | [196] | |
| P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii | MRS | Propionic acid, acetic acid | R. mucilaginosa, P. roqueforti, A. fumigatus | [196] |
| MRS-acetate | Propionic acid, acetic acid | R. mucilaginosa, P. roqueforti, A. fumigatus | [196] | |
| P. jensenii | Yoghurt and cheese surface | Propionic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, 3-phynyllactic acid, hydroxyphenyllactic acid | C. pulcherrima, C. magnollae, C. parapsilosis, Z. bailii | [151] |
| MRS | Propionic acid, acetic acid | R. mucilaginosa, P. roqueforti, A. fumigatus | [196] | |
| MRS-acetate | Nd * | R. mucilaginosa, P. roqueforti, A. fumigatus | [196] | |
| P. thoenii | Sodium Lactate (SL) medium | Lactic acid, propionic acid | A. fumigatus | [196] |
| SL broth | PLA | A. fumigatus | [196] | |
| MRS | Propionic acid, acetic acid | R. mucilaginosa, P. roqueforti, A. fumigatus, K. marxianus | [196] | |
| MRS-acetate | Propionic acid, acetic acid | R. mucilaginosa, P. roqueforti, A. fumigatus | [196] | |
* Nd: not determined.