Table 3.

The impact of certification on selected environmental aspects of pesticides (n = 29)

Environmental variable	Response category	Bronze-certified growers	Silver/gold and MPS-ABC, GAP, certified growers
Legal/registration status of pesticide	Both registered and unregistered/untested	19	10
	Only registered	0	0
Types of pesticide currently used	Class II	19	10
	Class III and above	19	10
Strategies of alternative pest management	IPM	0	3
	Only chemical pesticides	19	7
Interval of pesticide application	Every three day	11	5
	Every week	8	6
	Spraying is only carried out when justified/depending on scouting	14	10
Does the farm have obsolete pesticides?	Yes	15	8
	No	4	2
Conducted EIA before starting farm operation	Yes	0	0
	No	19	10
Have a policy on environment, waste disposal, risk assessment	Yes	16	10
	No, but we have plans to do so	3	0
Pesticide store inspection	Yes	3	3
	No	16	7
Audit procedure	Announced	19	10
	Unannounced	0	0