Table 2. List of all pals genes.
| Linkage Group | Gene | Cosmid-Based Name | WB Gene ID | Location | Protein Size (kDa)a | Similarity to PALS-22b | Upregulated After Microspiridal and/or Viral Infectionc | Expression Enrichment (ModEncode)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LGI | pals-1 | F15D3.8 | WBGene00008858 | I:9.26 | 34.9 | Yes | Broad | |
| pals-2 | C17H1.3 | WBGene00007656 | I:17.22 | 45.2 | Yese | Male L4 | ||
| pals-3 | C17H1.4 | WBGene00007657 | I:17.22 | 39.2 | Yese | Male L4 | ||
| pals-4 | C17H1.5 | WBGene00007658 | I:17.22 | 40.5 | Yes | Male L4 | ||
| pals-5 | C17H1.6 | WBGene00007659 | I:17.22 | 35.4 | Yes | Male L4 | ||
| pals-6 | C17H1.7 | WBGene00007660 | I:17.22 | 46.8 | Yes | Male L4 | ||
| pals-7 | C17H1.8 | WBGene00007661 | I:17.22 | 39.3 | Yese | Male L4 | ||
| pals-8 | C17H1.9 | WBGene00007662 | I:17.22 | 41.1 | Yese | Male L4 | ||
| pals-9 | C17H1.10 | WBGene00044237 | I:17.22 | 34.9 | Yes | Male L4 | ||
| pals-10 | C17H1.11 | WBGene00044711 | I:17.22 | 8.4 | Male L4 | |||
| pals-11 | C17H1.13 | WBGene00044708 | I:17.22 | 38.5 | Yes | Male L4 | ||
| pals-12 | C17H1.14 | WBGene00044709 | I:17.22 | 46.4 | Yes | Male L4 | ||
| pals-13 | Y26D4A.8 | WBGene00012505 | I:17.22 | 43.5 | Male L4 | |||
| pals-14 | F22G12.1 | WBGene00009061 | I:17.22 | 41.3 | Yes | Male L4 | ||
| pals-15 | F22G12.7 | WBGene00044707 | I:17.22 | 41.7 | Yes | Male L4 | ||
| LGIII | pals-16 | Y82E9BR.4 | WBGene00022337 | III:−21.90 | 37.7 | Broad | ||
| pals-17 | Y82E9BR.13 | WBGene00022346 | III:−21.90 | 30 | 3e−05 | Yes | Broad | |
| pals-18 | Y82E9BR.21 | WBGene00022353 | III:−21.90 | 29.2 | Broad | |||
| pals-19 | Y82E9BR.23 | WBGene00044761 | III:−21.90 | 30.6 | 3e−05 | Broad | ||
| pals-20 | Y82E9BR.25 | WBGene00194746 | III:−21.90 | 27.5 | Low | |||
| pals-21 | Y82E9BR.32 | WBGene00255597 | III:−21.90 | 20.7 | 3e−12 | Low | ||
| pals-40 | Y82E9BR.11 | WBGene00022344 | III:−21.90 | 24 | 4e−06 | Yes | Low | |
| pals-22 | C29F9.1 | WBGene00016216 | III:−26.98 | 32.7 | 0.0 | Broad | ||
| pals-23 | C29F9.3 | WBGene00016218 | III:−26.98 | 34.7 | 6e−05 | Broad | ||
| pals-24 | C29F9.4 | WBGene00016219 | III:−26.98 | 35.7 | 2e−10 | Broad | ||
| pals-25 | T17A3.2 | WBGene00020540 | III:−26.98 | 34.7 | 2e−06 | Broad | ||
| pals-26 | B0284.1 | WBGene00007131 | III:−3.18 | 49.2 | Yes | Broad | ||
| pals-27 | B0284.2 | WBGene00007132 | III:−3.18 | 48.2 | Yese | Broad | ||
| pals-28 | B0284.4 | WBGene00007134 | III:−3.18 | 48 | Yese | Male L4 | ||
| LGIV | pals-29 | T27E7.6 | WBGene00012091 | IV:12.20 | 48.4 | 7e−05 | Yes | Male L4 + dauer |
| pals-30 | Y57G11B.1 | WBGene00013294 | IV:12.23 | 48.9 | 3e−04 | Yes | Broad | |
| LGV | pals-31 | F48G7.2 | WBGene00018614 | V:−19.97 | 25.6 | Yes | Broad | |
| pals-32 | C31B8.4 | WBGene00016281 | V:−12.86 | 43.7 | 9e−05 | Yese | Male L4 + dauer | |
| pals-33 | W08A12.4 | WBGene00021081 | V:−8.24 | 52 | Yese | Male L4 + dauer | ||
| pals-34 | F26D11.6 | WBGene00017823 | V:0.98 | 19.1 | broad | |||
| pals-36f | C54D10.12 | WBGene00044787 | V:4.22 | 55.4 | 2e−04 | Yes | Male L4 + dauer | |
| pals-37 | C54D10.14 | WBGene00138721 | V:4.22 | 87.3 | Yese | Male L4 + dauer | ||
| pals-38 | C54D10.8 | WBGene00008302 | V:4.22 | 48.1 | Yese | Male L4 + dauer | ||
| pals-39 | C54D10.7 | WBGene00008301 | V:4.22 | 48.5 | 2e−05 | Yes | Male L4 + dauer |
Protein family assignments made by either Interpro (IPR026673) or Panther (PTHR21707), v9.0. A newer release of Panther does not include pals-7, 10, or 11 in the ALS2CR12 family, yet the sequence similarity of these genes to neighboring pals genes is clear. WB Gene ID, WormBase gene identifier.
Protein size of largest predicted isoform.
PSI Blast e-value. Similarities only above e−04 threshold are shown.
Twenty-eight pals genes upregulated in response to microsporidial and/or viral infection according to Bakowski et al. (2014) and Chen et al. (2017) (out of 218 significantly upregulated genes).
According to Celniker et al. (2009).
Ten pals genes upregulated after cadmium exposure according to Cui et al. (2007) (out of 237 significantly upregulated genes).
Possibly a pseudogene.