Table 1. Baseline Demographics and Risk Factors by Study Groupa.
| Overall | Brief Intervention Group | Control Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessed | No Contact | |||
| Sociodemographics | ||||
| No. of women | 592 | 239 | 232 | 121 |
| Age, y | ||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 32.1 (31.3-33.0) | 32.3 (30.9-33.6) | 32.1 (30.6-33.6) | 32.0 (30.0-33.9) |
| Median (IQR) | 29 (23-40) | 29 (24-39) | 29 (24-41) | 28 (23-40) |
| Level of education | ||||
| Some high school | 116 (19.6) | 49 (20.5) | 48 (20.7) | 19 (15.7) |
| High school degree | 164 (27.7) | 61 (25.5) | 65 (28.0) | 38 (31.4) |
| Some college or degree | 273 (46.1) | 107 (44.8) | 106 (45.7) | 60 (49.6) |
| Some postgraduate or degree | 37 (6.3) | 22 (9.2) | 12 (5.2) | 3 (2.5) |
| Missing or unknown | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.8) |
| Household income, $ | ||||
| ≤10 000 | 174 (29.4) | 61 (25.5) | 72 (31.0) | 41 (33.9) |
| 10 000-19 999 | 129 (21.8) | 51 (21.3) | 52 (22.4) | 26 (21.5) |
| 20 000-49 999 | 164 (27.7) | 73 (30.5) | 60 (25.9) | 31 (25.6) |
| ≥50 000 | 70 (11.8) | 34 (14.2) | 23 (9.9) | 13 (10.7) |
| Missing | 55 (9.3) | 20 (8.4) | 25 (10.8) | 10 (8.3) |
| Employment | ||||
| No | 299 (50.5) | 119 (49.8) | 114 (49.1) | 66 (54.5) |
| Yes | 291 (49.2) | 120 (50.2) | 117 (50.4) | 54 (44.6) |
| Missing | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.8) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 459 (77.5) | 184 (77.0) | 181 (78.0) | 94 (77.7) |
| Married | 86 (14.5) | 37 (15.5) | 31 (13.4) | 18 (14.9) |
| Divorced, widowed, or separated | 46 (7.8) | 18 (7.5) | 19 (8.2) | 9 (7.4) |
| Missing | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 0 |
| Partnership status | ||||
| Single | ||||
| Not dating | 61 (10.3) | 27 (11.3) | 22 (9.5) | 12 (9.9) |
| Dating | 93 (15.7) | 34 (14.2) | 38 (16.4) | 21 (17.4) |
| Relationship | ||||
| Off and on | 96 (16.2) | 31 (13.0) | 41 (17.7) | 24 (19.8) |
| Committed | 330 (55.7) | 141 (59.0) | 128 (55.2) | 61 (50.4) |
| Missing | 12 (2.0) | 6 (2.5) | 3 (1.3) | 3 (2.5) |
| Sex of partner | ||||
| Male | 489 (82.6) | 203 (84.9) | 186 (80.2) | 100 (82.6) |
| Female | 41 (6.9) | 17 (7.1) | 16 (6.9) | 8 (6.6) |
| Other | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0 |
| Missing | 60 (10.1) | 18 (7.5) | 29 (12.5) | 13 (10.7) |
| No. of children (age <18 y) in household | ||||
| 0 | 261 (44.1) | 116 (48.5) | 96 (41.4) | 49 (40.5) |
| 1 | 124 (20.9) | 49 (20.5) | 47 (20.3) | 28 (23.1) |
| ≥2 | 186 (31.4) | 65 (27.2) | 81 (34.9) | 40 (33.1) |
| Missing | 21 (3.5) | 9 (3.8) | 8 (3.4) | 4 (3.3) |
| Race/ethnicityb | ||||
| Black | 471 (80.1) | 178 (74.8) | 187 (81.3) | 106 (88.3) |
| White | 108 (18.4) | 53 (22.3) | 38 (16.5) | 17 (14.2) |
| Native American | 20 (3.4) | 11 (4.6) | 5 (2.2) | 4 (3.3) |
| Hispanic | 28 (4.8) | 13 (5.5) | 12 (5.2) | 3 (2.5) |
| Pacific Islander | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.8) |
| Asian | 8 (1.4) | 4 (1.7) | 3 (1.3) | 1 (0.8) |
| Other | 35 (6.0) | 14 (5.9) | 17 (7.4) | 4 (3.3) |
| Missing | 4 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.8) |
| Pregnant during the first 3 mo | ||||
| No | 477 (80.6) | 196 (82.0) | 199 (85.8) | 82 (67.8) |
| Yes | 86 (14.5) | 43 (18.0) | 33 (14.2) | 10 (8.3) |
| Missing | 29 (4.9) | 0 | 0 | 29 (24.0) |
| Chief concern at enrollment | ||||
| Injury | 78 (13.2) | 30 (12.6) | 30 (12.9) | 18 (14.9) |
| Medical | 420 (70.9) | 173 (72.4) | 165 (71.1) | 82 (67.8) |
| Gynecologic or urinary | 79 (13.3) | 28 (11.7) | 32 (13.8) | 19 (15.7) |
| Other | 15 (2.5) | 8 (3.3) | 5 (2.2) | 2 (1.7) |
| Risk Factors | ||||
| No. of women | 566 | 239 | 232 | 95c |
| Women's Experience with Battering Scale26 scored | ||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 19.6 (18.5-20.7) | 19.7 (17.8-21.4) | 20.5 (18.6-22.3) | 17.1 (14.5-19.5) |
| Median (IQR) | 13 (10-24) | 13 (10-25) | 13 (10-27) | 11 (10-20) |
| Danger Assessment27 scoree | ||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 9.9 (9.3-10.5) | 10.0 (9.1-10.9) | 10.3 (9.3-11.2) | 8.5 (7.2-9.8) |
| Median (IQR) | 13 (4-13) | 13 (4-14) | 9 (5-14) | 7.5 (4-12) |
| Alcohol dependencef | 87 (15.5) | 32 (13.0) | 39 (16.4) | 17 (17.9) |
| Smoking | 334 (59.0) | 135 (56.7) | 144 (62.3) | 55 (57.9) |
| Drug use | ||||
| Illegal, including marijuana | 258 (45.7) | 100 (46.1) | 105 (49.5) | 34 (35.8) |
| Illegal, not including marijuana | 98 (17.4) | 41 (17.2) | 46 (20.0) | 11 (11.6) |
| Prescription misuse | 64 (11.6) | 24 (10.4) | 33 (14.8) | 7 (7.4) |
| Depression scoreg | 488 (86.2) | 210 (87.9) | 231 (85.3) | 79 (84.0) |
| Posttraumatic stress disorderh | 228 (40.4) | 100 (41.8) | 95 (41.3) | 32 (34.0) |
| Childhood sexual abuse | 243 (43.2) | 100 (41.8) | 98 (42.8) | 45 (47.9) |
| Partner drinking | 110 (20.0) | 46 (19.4) | 38 (16.6) | 12 (12.5) |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
Data are expressed as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. For the between-treatment comparisons, age was analyzed using a general linear model and all categorical variables were analyzed using the χ2 test.
Participants instructed to “check all that apply”; therefore, percentages add to more than 100%. Differences between groups used a binary variable (black vs not black).
Data were only collected at 3 months for those who completed the follow-up interview (n = 95; 79% retention).
Score range: 10 to 40 (0-19 indicating lower severity and ≥20 indicating higher severity).
Score range: 0 to 39 (level of danger: 0-7, variable; 8-13, increased; 14-17, severe; ≥18, extreme).
Indicated by an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test28 (AUDIT) score of greater than 13.
Indicated by a Center for Epidemological Studies-Depression 10 score of 10 or greater (score range: 0-30).
Indicated by a Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder score of 3 or greater (score range: 0-4).