Table 1. Serum levels of top-ranked proteins differentiating between A) MGUS vs MM, B) healthy controls vs MGUS, C) healthy controls vs MM, D) MM vs MM-ASCT and E) healthy controls vs MM-ASCT.
| Analyte | Mean Linear ddCq (95% CI) | FC | P | Pcorr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | MGUS | MM | |||
| ADM | 46.9 (28.4-65.4) | 191 (121-262) | 2.80 | 4.0 × 10-6 | 3.5 × 10-4 |
| TRAP | 28.9 (22.3-35.6) | 85.1 (42.8-127) | 2.33 | 3.7 × 10-5 | 1.6 × 10-3 |
| GDF15 | 12.6 (9.19-16.0) | 53.3 (22.5-84.1) | 2.72 | 1.1 × 10-4 | 3.0 × 10-3 |
| suPAR | 295 (251-338) | 486 (368-603) | 1.60 | 2.7 × 10-4 | 5.9 × 10-3 |
| REG4 | 5.96 (5.46-6.46) | 9.58 (6.78-12.4) | 1.30 | 1.2 × 10-3 | .021 |
| TGFB1 | 42.9 (39.0-46.8) | 85.5 (43.7-127) | 1.41 | 1.9 × 10-3 | .023 |
| sMICA | 15.4 (9.98-20.8) | 39.4 (26.8-52.1) | 2.29 | 2.1 × 10-3 | .023 |
| IL1RA | 9.22 (7.23-11.2) | 60.0 (0-145) | 1.71 | 2.6 × 10-3 | .023 |
| HE4 | 18.4 (15.6-21.3) | 89.8 (0-190) | 1.72 | 3.0 × 10-3 | .023 |
| sHGFR | 259 (240-278) | 580 (199-960) | 1.26 | 3.0 × 10-3 | .023 |
| sVEGFA | 892 (728-1056) | 1628 (1082-2173) | 1.47 | 3.0 × 10-3 | .023 |
| B | healthy controls | MGUS | |||
| Midkine | 30.3 (25.8-34.8) | 75.0 (60.8-89.3) | 2.24 | 8.2 × 10-6 | 7.0 × 10-4 |
| THPO | 13.1 (11.7-14.6) | 24.2 (18.8-29.6) | 1.79 | 9.8 × 10-5 | 4.2 × 10-3 |
| sTNFRSF4 | 4.12 (3.29-4.94) | 7.39 (6.05-8.72) | 1.54 | 1.6 × 10-4 | 4.4 × 10-3 |
| sHER4 | 174 (163-184) | 270 (228-311) | 1.45 | 2.4 × 10-4 | 4.5 × 10-3 |
| IFNγ | 1.58 (1.52-1.64) | 2.17 (1.95-2.39) | 1.31 | 3.1 × 10-4 | 4.5 × 10-3 |
| TGFB1 | 61.9 (54.2-69.5) | 42.9 (39.0-46.8) | .71 | 3.7 × 10-4 | 4.5 × 10-3 |
| sPECAM1 | 15.6 (12.6-18.7) | 28.7 (23.3-34.1) | 1.56 | 3.7 × 10-4 | 4.5 × 10-3 |
| sIL17RB | 5.56 (3.84-7.28) | 10.9 (9.09-12.7) | 1.81 | 1.1 × 10-3 | .010 |
| KLK6 | 28.6 (24.5-32.8) | 44.0 (37.9-50.2) | 1.29 | 1.1 × 10-3 | .010 |
| suPAR | 425 (373-476) | 295 (251-338) | .69 | 2.0 × 10-3 | .017 |
| C | healthy controls | MM | |||
| PGF | 59.2 (52.5-66.0) | 137 (97.2-177) | 1.72 | 1.6 × 10-5 | 1.4 × 10-3 |
| GDF15 | 8.34 (6.14-10.5) | 53.3 (22.5-84.1) | 3.69 | 9.8 × 10-5 | 4.2 × 10-3 |
| HE4 | 12.9 (10.4-15.5) | 89.8 (0-190) | 2.56 | 1.6 × 10-4 | 4.4 × 10-3 |
| sTNFR2 | 9.52 (7.93-11.1) | 17.9 (14.3-21.6) | 1.88 | 2.4 × 10-4 | 5.3 × 10-3 |
| CSF1 | 100 (94.4-106) | 195 (115-275) | 1.64 | 3.7 × 10-4 | 5.3 × 10-3 |
| Midkine | 30.3 (25.8-34.8) | 158 (82.9-232) | 3.42 | 3.7 × 10-4 | 5.3 × 10-3 |
| sPECAM1 | 15.6 (12.6-18.7) | 69.6 (17.4-122) | 2.38 | 7.7 × 10-4 | 9.3 × 10-3 |
| CCL19 | 463 (317-609) | 929 (733-1125) | 1.76 | 1.1 × 10-3 | 9.3 × 10-3 |
| sVEGFA | 765 (700-830) | 1628 (1082-2173) | 1.57 | 1.1 × 10-3 | 9.3 × 10-3 |
| IFNγ | 1.58 (1.52-1.64) | 5.17 (0-11.1) | 1.47 | 1.1 × 10-3 | 9.3 × 10-3 |
| D | MM | MM-ASCT | |||
| REG4 | 9.58 (6.78-12.4) | 7.01 (4.50-9.51) | .74 | 3.1 × 10-5 | 2.6 × 10-3 |
| sBAFF | 18.4 (10.5-26.3) | 62.3 (51.8-72.9) | 4.38 | 1.5 × 10-4 | 6.1 × 10-3 |
| sPECAM1 | 69.6 (17.4-122) | 17.3 (13.1-21.6) | .41 | 2.1 × 10-4 | 6.1 × 10-3 |
| sIL6R | 174 (99.3-249) | 81.6 (64.6-98.6) | .55 | 5.8 × 10-4 | .012 |
| sPDGFB | 544 (299-789) | 274 (222-327) | .56 | 7.6 × 10-4 | .013 |
| Midkine | 158 (82.9-232) | 54.5 (42.7-66.3) | .54 | 1.0 × 10-3 | .014 |
| sHGF | 47.1 (32.5-61.6) | 26.9 (20.7-33.1) | .63 | 1.3 × 10-3 | .014 |
| TGFB1 | 85.5 (43.7-127) | 41.6 (34.9-48.3) | .72 | 1.3 × 10-3 | .014 |
| sAREG | 19.0 (5.32-32.8) | 7.52 (6.17-8.87) | .67 | 1.7 × 10-3 | .016 |
| sMICA | 39.4 (26.8-52.1) | 22.5 (15.8-29.2) | .59 | 2.1 × 10-3 | .018 |
| E | healthy controls | MM-ASCT | |||
| sBAFF | 14.1 (12.9-15.3) | 62.3 (51.8-72.9) | 4.32 | 8.2 × 10-6 | 7.0 × 10-4 |
| CSF1 | 100 (94.4-106) | 152 (131-173) | 1.44 | 2.4 × 10-4 | 6.0 × 10-3 |
| sTGFA | 24.4 (19.6-29.2) | 11.9 (9.03-14.8) | .36 | 2.4 × 10-4 | 6.0 × 10-3 |
| TRAP | 32.2 (25.0-39.4) | 71.2 (42.5-100.0) | 1.82 | 3.7 × 10-4 | 6.0 × 10-3 |
| CXCL10 | 130 (61.2-199) | 667 (323-1011) | 4.05 | 5.4 × 10-4 | 6.0 × 10-3 |
| sTNFR2 | 9.52 (7.93-11.1) | 21.2 (17.6-24.9) | 2.45 | 5.4 × 10-4 | 6.0 × 10-3 |
| sTNFRSF4 | 4.12 (3.29-4.94) | 10.9 (7.21-14.6) | 2.22 | 5.4 × 10-4 | 6.0 × 10-3 |
| Flt3L | 254 (225-284) | 522 (411-633) | 2.07 | 7.7 × 10-4 | 6.0 × 10-3 |
| GDF15 | 8.34 (6.14-10.5) | 22.7 (16.5-28.8) | 2.50 | 7.7 × 10-4 | 6.0 × 10-3 |
| HE4 | 12.9 (10.4-15.5) | 43.6 (3.61-83.5) | 1.88 | 7.7 × 10-4 | 6.0 × 10-3 |
| THPO | 13.1 (11.7-14.6) | 28.5 (21.7-35.3) | 2.23 | 7.7 × 10-4 | 6.0 × 10-3 |
FC (Fold Change) between group medians of linear ddCq
*Pcorr value corrected for multiple comparisons (Benjamini-Hochberg correction)