(A) Semi-quantitative RT-PCR shows TMEM176A expression levels in esophageal cancer cell lines. TE1, TE3, TE13, KYSE140, KYSE180, KYSE410, KYSE450, KYSE520, Seg1, KYSE150, COLO680N, YES2 and BIC1 are esophageal cancer cell lines. DAC: 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; GAPDH: internal control of RT-PCR; H2O: double distilled water. (-): absence of DAC; (+): presence of DAC. (B) MSP results of TMEM176A in esophageal cancer cell lines. U: unmethylated alleles; M: methylated alleles; IVD: in vitro methylated DNA, serves as methylation control; NL: normal peripheral lymphocytes DNA, serves as unmethylation control; H2O: double distilled water. (C) BSSQ results of TMEM176A. NE: normal esophageal mucosa. Double-headed arrow: MSP PCR product spanned 157 bp in TMEM176A. Bisulfite sequencing focused on a 287 bp region of the CpG island (-388 bp to -157 bp) across the TMEM176A transcription start site. Filled circles: methylated CpG sites, open circles: unmethylated CpG sites. TSS: transcription start site. (D) Representative MSP results of TMEM176A in normal esophageal mucosa (EN1, EN2, EN3, EN4 and EN5) and primary esophageal cancer tissues (EC1, EC2, EC3, EC4 and EC5).