Table 1. Patient and Hospital Characteristics by A) CMS' Hospital Compare Star rating and b) Surgical volume quintile.
| A) Star rating | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Star | 2 Star | 3 Star | 4 Star | 5 Star | P-value | ||
| (Lowest) | (Highest) | ||||||
| Patient Characteristics | |||||||
| Age (mean) | 74.4 | 74.5 | 74.5 | 74.5 | 74.5 | 0.0327 | |
| Male Sex (%) | 56.5 | 57.9 | 57.5 | 58.4 | 62.2 | <0.001 | |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Caucasian | 75.0 | 84.5 | 87.2 | 88.9 | 90.0 | ||
| African American | 17.5 | 10.6 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 5.1 | ||
| Other | 7.5 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 4.8 | ||
| Number of Comorbidities (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| 0 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 10.5 | 12.4 | ||
| 1 | 20.1 | 20.9 | 21.0 | 21.5 | 22.0 | ||
| 2 | 23.0 | 22.9 | 22.6 | 22.4 | 22.8 | ||
| 3 | 18.6 | 18.8 | 18.4 | 17.8 | 17.4 | ||
| ≥4 | 28.4 | 27.9 | 28.0 | 27.8 | 25.4 | ||
| Hospital Characteristics | |||||||
| Geographic region (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Northeast | 39.7 | 23.3 | 15.4 | 13.1 | 6.4 | ||
| Midwest | 11.6 | 15.5 | 24.8 | 40.0 | 42.9 | ||
| South | 31.4 | 43.0 | 38.0 | 28.2 | 33.3 | ||
| West | 17.4 | 18.1 | 21.8 | 18.7 | 17.5 | ||
| Number of beds (%) | 0.302 | ||||||
| <200 | 81.0 | 75.6 | 80.3 | 76.4 | 71.4 | ||
| 200-399 | 13.2 | 14.8 | 11.7 | 14.2 | 15.9 | ||
| 400-599 | 3.3 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 4.8 | ||
| >=600 | 2.5 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 7.9 | ||
| Hospital profit status (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| For-profit | 18.2 | 21.1 | 18.5 | 10.5 | 14.3 | ||
| Nonprofit | 50.4 | 64.3 | 69.4 | 78.2 | 77.8 | ||
| Public | 31.4 | 14.6 | 12.2 | 11.3 | 7.9 | ||
| Teaching hospital (%) | 59.5 | 41.8 | 30.7 | 30.0 | 33.3 | <0.001 | |
| Urban location (%) | 87.6 | 79.1 | 67.1 | 73.2 | 81.0 | <0.001 | |
| B. Surgical volume quintile | |||||||
| 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | P-value | ||
| (Lowest) | (Highest) | ||||||
| Patient Characteristics | |||||||
| Age (mean) | 77.1 | 76.3 | 75.5 | 74.8 | 74.0 | <0.001 | |
| Male Sex (%) | 48.3 | 51.1 | 53.9 | 56.5 | 60.1 | <0.001 | |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Caucasian | 86.5 | 85.7 | 84.9 | 86.5 | 86.9 | ||
| African American | 7.9 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 7.9 | ||
| Other | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.2 | ||
| Number of Comorbidities (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| 0 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 9.0 | 11.3 | ||
| 1 | 16.2 | 16.6 | 17.7 | 19.8 | 22.6 | ||
| 2 | 21.5 | 21.1 | 21.6 | 22.2 | 23.2 | ||
| 3 | 19.6 | 19.3 | 19.3 | 18.5 | 17.9 | ||
| ≥4 | 35.9 | 35.6 | 33.8 | 30.5 | 25.0 | ||
| Hospital Characteristics | |||||||
| Geographic region (%) | 0.025 | ||||||
| Northeast | 12.4 | 19.1 | 19.0 | 19.7 | 17.5 | ||
| Midwest | 32.2 | 26.0 | 25.2 | 23.8 | 24.2 | ||
| South | 36.1 | 36.9 | 36.4 | 43.2 | 38.0 | ||
| West | 19.4 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 22.4 | 20.3 | ||
| Number of beds (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| <200 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 83.9 | 6.1 | ||
| 200-399 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 16.1 | 50.0 | ||
| 400-599 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 25.4 | ||
| >=600 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18.5 | ||
| Hospital profit status (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| For-profit | 22.0 | 18.6 | 22.4 | 13.2 | 8.9 | ||
| Nonprofit | 58.0 | 66.4 | 64.8 | 76.0 | 83.3 | ||
| Public | 20.0 | 15.1 | 12.8 | 10.8 | 7.9 | ||
| Teaching hospital (%) | 15.1 | 18.0 | 28.8 | 39.9 | 71.1 | <0.001 | |
| Urban location (%) | 37.3 | 58.7 | 78.2 | 91.9 | 97.6 | <0.001 | |