Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of fluoride in drinking water, the distribution system, in 22 villages in Shout (A city in West Azerbaijan province). Sampling of springs and underground water was carried out in two warm and cold seasons. Fluoride concentration were determined through spectrophotometer with a model, DR/5000.The fluoride concentration were compared with Iranian standards and WHO guidelines for drinking water.
Keywords: Shout, Fluoride, Drinking water, Season
Specifications Table
| Subject area | Water chemistry |
| More specific subject area | Water fluoride |
| Type of data | Table, figure |
| How data was acquired | Spectrophotometer (DR/5000, Hach) |
| Data format | Raw, analyzed |
| Experimental factors | Water samples were stored in a dark place at room temperature in their original sealed plastic containers (200 mL) until the fluoride analysis was made |
| Experimental features | Determine the concentration levels of fluoride |
| Data source location | Shout area, West Azerbaijan province, Iran |
| Data accessibility | Data are included in this article |
Value of the data
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•
The main health outcomes of fluoride, including dental and skeletal fluorosis.
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The Iranian standard of fluoride in drinking water is based on the maximum annual temperature of the area because of temperature impact on water consumption.
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In cooler areas, such as West in Northern Iran, the consumption of drinking water is lower, thus higher fluoride concentrations in drinking water are required.
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Fluoridation of drinking water in rural areas with less than the WHO optimum value is recommended.
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Based on the data, defluoridation of drinking water could be recommended in fluorotic rural areas.
1. Data
Based on Table 1, the average concentration of fluoride in warm and cold seasons (in spring and groundwater) were 0.01–3 and 0.01–4 mg/l, respectively. According Iranian standard (1053IR) World Health Organization (WHO), in 57.9% and 18.2%of samples fluoride concentration in warm and cold season was less than the permissible limit respectively.
Table 1.
Mean fluoride concentrations (mg/L) in drinking water of rural areas of Shout region according to places and seasons.
| Village | Source | Warm season | Cold season | Warm season | Cold season | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Average |
Average |
Fluoride concentration |
Fluoride concentration |
||||||||||
| T(°C) | pH | T(°C) | pH | Mean | Min | Max | Sd. ev | Mean | Min | Max | Sd. ev | ||
| Azimkandi | Spring | 23 | 7.8 | 19 | 7.6 | 1.39 | 1.36 | 1.42 | 0.03 | 2 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 0.27 |
| Maranglou | Spring | 23 | 8.9 | 19 | 8.9 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.02 | 1.97 | 1.94 | 2 | 0.03 |
| Injaghadim | Spring | 23 | 8.8 | 17 | 8.2 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.18 | 1.15 | 1.24 | 0.04 |
| Kolos | Well | 24 | 7.9 | 19 | 7.9 | 1.43 | 1.36 | 1.52 | 0.07 | 3.1 | 2.75 | 3.4 | 0.30 |
| Shorboulagh | Well | 23 | 7.9 | 18 | 7.9 | 1.52 | 1.39 | 1.62 | 0.10 | 4 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 0.08 |
| Karimkandi | Well | 23 | 7.8 | 19 | 7.8 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.45 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Fatah | Well | 23 | 8 | 19 | 7.8 | 1.01 | 0.68 | 1.41 | 0.35 | 1 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.21 |
| Molaahmad | Well | 23 | 7.6 | 19 | 7.6 | 3 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 0.24 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.02 |
| Pivasha | Well | 23 | 7.8 | 19 | 7.8 | 0.37 | 0.3 | 0.44 | 0.07 | 1.25 | 1.22 | 1.31 | 0.04 |
| Gara eyagh | Well | 23 | 7.9 | 19 | 7.9 | 0.45 | 0.34 | 0.54 | 0.09 | 1.86 | 1.83 | 1.91 | 0.04 |
| Khook | Well | 22 | 7.8 | 19 | 7.5 | 1.38 | 1.37 | 1.4 | 0.01 | 0.79 | 0.68 | 0.89 | 0.10 |
| Kesharkhi | Well | 23 | 7.8 | 19 | 7.8 | 1.50 | 1.48 | 1.52 | 0.02 | 1.8 | 1.78 | 1.81 | 0.01 |
| Garazamin | Well | 23 | 7.9 | 17 | 7.8 | 0.20 | 0.1 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 1.8 | 1.42 | 2.3 | 0.37 |
| Moukhor | Well | 23 | 7.8 | 19 | 7.8 | 0.1 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.75 | 1.25 | 0.26 |
| Yolagaldi | Well | 23 | 7.8 | 18 | 7.8 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.4 | 0.18 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 0.18 |
| Margan | Well | 23 | 8.2 | 19 | 8.2 | 1.3 | 1.08 | 1.52 | 0.24 | 3 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 0.24 |
| Tazakand | Well | 23 | 7.8 | 19 | 7.5 | 0.2 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.06 | 0.2 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.05 |
| Geday | Well | 23 | 7.8 | 19 | 7.8 | 1 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.32 | 1.11 | 1.04 | 1.18 | 0.06 |
| Khilajajam | Well | 22 | 7.9 | 18 | 7.4 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 0.73 | 1 | 0.79 | 1.15 | 0.15 |
| Khezrlou | Well | 23 | 7.9 | 19 | 7.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 1.2 | 1.06 | 1.45 | 0.18 |
| Toura | Well | 23 | 7.8 | 19 | 7.9 | 0.3 | 0.16 | 0.36 | 0.09 | 1.8 | 1.62 | 2.1 | 0.21 |
| Gabanbasan | Well | 23 | 7.8 | 19 | 7.8 | 1 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.32 | 0.9 | 0.84 | 0.98 | 0.07 |
| 1053IR Standard | 0.7 | 1.2 | |||||||||||
| WHO Standard | 0.8 | 1.2 | |||||||||||
2. Experimental design, materials and methods
2.1. Study area description
West Azerbaijan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Shout is a city in West Azerbaijan province, Iran that coordinates is: 39°13′09″N 44°46′12″E/39.21917 °N 44.77000°E. 22 villages of Shout were selected as sampling points (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1.
The map and location of sampling villages in Shout city, West Azerbaijan, Iran.
2.2. Sample collection and analytical procedures
The samples were collected from 22 points in the rural areas of Shout in the warm and cold seasons through using census method (6 samples from each village, 3 samples in the warm season and 3 samples in the cold season). Transportation (PE containers, 200 ml) and storage of samples were carried out in accordance with standard methods of water and wastewater treatment [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]. To determine the residual fluoride concentration of spectrophotometer UV–vis DR-500 (SPAND method was used. Finally, the concentration of fluoride was compared with Iranian and international (WHO guideline)) standards [9], [10].
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Neushabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran for their support.
Footnotes
Transparency data associated with this article can be found in the online version at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.012.
Transparency document. Supplementary material
Supplementary material
.
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