Table 3.
Adjusted mean (standard error) echocardiographic measures of left ventricular structure and function among women with natural or surgical menopause, the CARDIA study, 2010–2011
| Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Model 3
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NM | SM | P | NM | SM | P | NM | SM | P | |
| Left ventricular structure | |||||||||
| LV mass (g) | 146.6 (1.9) | 157.4 (2.4) | 0.001 | 153.0 (2.2) | 151.5 (2.7) | 0.65 | 152.7 (2.3) | 152.3 (3.0) | 0.91 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 80.0 (0.9) | 81.8 (1.2) | 0.06 | 82.2 (1.1) | 80.4 (1.4) | 0.28 | 82.3 (1.2) | 80.1 (1.5) | 0.25 |
| LV mass/volume ratio | 1.56 (0.04) | 1.63 (0.05) | 0.28 | 1.68 (0.05) | 1.67 (0.06) | 0.96 | 1.69 (0.05) | 1.65 (0.06) | 0.63 |
| Left ventricular systolic function | |||||||||
| Cardiac Output (L/min) | 3.91 (0.07) | 4.16 (0.10) | 0.044 | 3.94 (0.09) | 4.00 (0.12) | 0.67 | 4.09 (0.10) | 3.90 (0.13) | 0.25 |
| Global longitudinal straina | −15.4 (0.1) | −14.7 (0.2) | 0.001 | −15.2 (0.1) | −15.0 (0.2) | 0.61 | −15.2 (0.2) | −15.0 (0.2) | 0.58 |
| Circumferential peak Straina | −15.7 (0.1) | −15.2 (0.2) | 0.036 | −15.5 (0.2) | −15.3 (0.2) | 0.54 | −15.5 (0.2) | −15.4 (0.2) | 0.75 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 62.0 (0.5) | 62.2 (0.6) | 0.77 | 62.5 (0.6) | 61.8 (0.8) | 0.43 | 62.3 (0.6) | 62.2 (0.8) | 0.87 |
| Left ventricular Diastolic function | |||||||||
| E/A ratio | 1.24 (0.02) | 1.22 (0.02) | 0.41 | 1.22 (0.02) | 1.21 (0.02) | 0.77 | 1.22 (0.02) | 1.20 (0.03) | 0.77 |
| E/e′a | 8.12 (0.1) | 8.58 (0.1) | 0.025 | 8.34 (0.1) | 8.46 (0.2) | 0.56 | 8.34 (0.1) | 8.50 (0.2) | 0.46 |
NM: Natural menopause, SM: Surgical menopause. LV: Left ventricular. E/A: mitral ratio of peak early (E) to late (A) diastolic filling velocity
Echo parameters measured only at year 25
Model 1 adjusted for each year 5 respective echo measures
Model 2, Model 1 and additional adjustment for year 5 covariates [age (continuous), race (black, white), education (less than high school, high school or more), center (Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis, Oakland), BMI (continuous), waist girth (continuous), physical activity (continuous), parity (none, one, two, three or more), current smoking status (yes, no), current oral contraceptives (yes, no), current alcohol use (yes, no), family history of CHD (yes, no), systolic blood pressure (continuous), diabetes (yes, no), age at menarche (continuous), HDL (continuous) and total cholesterol (continuous)].
Model 3, model 2 and additional adjustment for age at final menstrual period (continuous), current hormone therapy use (yes, no) and antihypertensive medication use (yes, no) and diabetes during follow up (yes, no).