Description
A 35-year-old woman presented to peripheral hospital with loss of consciousness, urine incontinence and behavioural changes. The family noticed her impulsiveness and irritability 2 months prior to her presentation to the emergency department. No history of fever, vomiting, trauma or seizures. She was transferred to our hospital and on arrival, she was confused, with normal cranial nerve examination and equally reactive pupils. She had marked weakness in right upper and lower limbs. Because intracranial lesion was suspected, a lateral skull X-ray and a CT scan were done which revealed a large left frontal extra-axial calcified lesion with enlarged meningeal artery grooves (see figure 1 for the X-ray and figure 2 for the sagittal MRI). The patient underwent craniotomy and total removal of the meningioma with total weight of 347 g with pathological feature of psammomatous meningioma, WHO grade 1 (figure 3).1 She tolerated the procedure well and her neurological weakness as well as incontinence and behavioural changes improved gradually. Follow-up X-ray done the next day postoperation and brain MRI done 6 months later (figure 4A,B) showed no residual or recurrence with frontal encephalomalacic changes.2 3 Meningiomas are considered as the most common primary intracranial tumours.
Figure 1.
Lateral skull X-ray showing large frontal hyperdense mass with evidence of enlarged meningeal artery grooves (arrows).
Figure 2.
Sagittal T1 brain MRI with contrast showing huge extra-axial dural base enhance lesion with dural tail and compression on adjacent structures.
Figure 3.
(A) Lateral skull X-ray postoperatively after total removal of the meningioma. (B) Axial T2 brain MRI showing total removal of the tumour with frontal encephalomalacia and mild compensating dilation of the anterior horn of lateral ventricle.
Figure 4.
Pathology slide: (A) epithelial membrane antigen positive, (B) nuclear pseudoinclusion (arrows), (C) psammoma bodies (arrows) and (D) whorls (arrows).
Learning points.
Skull X-ray still has an important role in the diagnosis of cranial pathology.
Slow development of symptoms always raises suspicion of tumour.
Simple and quick investigation such as X-ray can direct the workup, save time and resources.
Footnotes
Contributors: SK and YO contribute in writing the article and collecting the images.
Competing interests: None declared.
Patient consent: Obtained.
Provenance and peer review: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
References
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