Antiseptic effects of PEG-KSLW and PLM-KSLW. (A and B) Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 20) were treated with KSLW, PEG-KSLW, or PLM-KSLW (500 μg/kg) at 12 and 50 h after CLP. Control CLP-operated mice (○) and sham-operated mice (●) were treated with sterile saline. Survival curves of CLP-operated mice (A), and H&E staining of lung tissues (B). Images are representative of three independent experiments. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to determine overall survival rates compared with those of CLP-operated mice. (C) Effects of treatment with 250 or 500 μg/kg of each construct on vascular permeability in CLP-induced septic mice were examined by measuring the amount of Evans blue present in peritoneal washings (expressed as μg/mouse, n = 5). (D) Effects of post-treatment with different concentrations of each construct for 6 h on barrier disruption induced by LPS (1 μg/mL, 8 h) were monitored by measuring the flux of Evans blue-bound albumin into HUVECs. All results are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed on different days; *p < 0.05 vs. CLP only treatment (C) or LPS only treatment (D); +p < 0.05 vs. white or gray bar.