Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Characteristic | DR n=115(%) | DNR n=129(%) | Control n=142(%) | P1 | P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 59.72±11.38 | 59.05±10.88 | 57.9±10.61 | 0.235 | 0.264 |
| Gender (male) | 49(42.61) | 54(41.86) | 57(40.14) | 0.689 | 0.906 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 14.05±7.72 | 13.98±8.67 | - | - | 0.343 |
| Smoking (yes) | 43(37.39) | 43(33.33) | 44(30.99) | 0.281 | 0.508 |
| Drinking (yes) | 47(40.87) | 49(37.98) | 48(33.80) | 0.243 | 0.645 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 22.3±6.8 | 23.5±6.5 | 24.5±6.3 | 0.034 | 0.042 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 140.6±20.25 | 135.8±19.77 | 127.6±19.42 | 0.035 | 0.047 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.72±12.39 | 81.96±11.96 | 79.81±11.90 | 0.057 | 0.107 |
| FPG ((mmol/L) | 10.19±4.39 | 8.43±3.57 | 7.85±4.23 | 0.008 | 0.098 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.59±1.12 | 1.65±1.37 | 1.61±1.23 | 0.302 | 0.221 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.16±1.79 | 3.87±1.86 | 4.24±1.91 | 0.351 | 0.168 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.14±0.64 | 0.97±0.61 | 1.16±0.52 | 0.213 | 0.113 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.22±1.31 | 2.06±1.24 | 2.19±1.27 | 0.863 | 0.761 |
| IGF1 (mg/dL) | 207.14±11.38 | 173.43±12.04 | 139.58±11.97 | 0.004 | 0.007 |
Notes: P1: DR vs. Control; P2: DR vs. DNR; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; significant level was adjusted by Bonferroni method.