Table 2. Quality assessment of the included studies based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.
| Author | Study design | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Total scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teunissen [22] | Cohort study | ⋆⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆⋆ | 8 |
| Regueiro [32] | Cohort study | ⋆⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆⋆ | 8 |
| Jia [23] | Cohort study | ⋆⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆⋆⋆ | 6 |
| Zhou [24] | Cohort study | ⋆⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆⋆ | 8 |
| Matsukawa [25] | Cohort study | ⋆⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆⋆ | 8 |
| Sakai [27] | Cohort study | ⋆⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆ | 7 |
| Lip [31] | Cohort study | ⋆⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆⋆ | 8 |
| Xie [26] | Cohort study | ⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆⋆⋆ | 5 |
| Tousoulis [28] | Cohort study | ⋆⋆ | ⋆ | ⋆⋆⋆ | 6 |
| Norris [29] | Cohort study | ⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆⋆ | 7 |
| Andreotti [30] | Cohort study | ⋆⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆ | ⋆⋆⋆ | 8 |