A. qRT-PCR and B. western blotting were used to detect Pim-1 expression in VSMCs maintained in media supplemented with normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mmol/L D-glucose), Mtol (25 mmol/L D-mannitol) and high glucose (HG, 25 mmol/L D-glucose) for 48 hours. ***P < 0.001 vs. NG or Mtol. C. qRT-PCR and D. western blotting were used to detect Pim-1 expression in VSMCs maintained in NG (5.5 mmol/L D-glucose, 24 hours) and HG (25 mmol/L D-glucose, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48,72 hours), **P < 0.01 vs. NG. E. qRT-PCR and F. western blotting were used to detect Pim-1 expression in VSMCs maintained in media supplemented with various concentration of D-glucose (5.5, 12.5, 25, and 50 mmol/L) for 24 or 48 hours, *P < 0.05 vs. 5.5 mmol/L D-glucose (NG). ∆∆P < 0.01 vs. 5.5 mmol/L D-glucose (NG). For the western blot, changes of Pim-1 isoform levels were depicted as folds over controls.