Table 1.
Inclusion criteria | |
- Aged 60 years and over - Have stress or mixed urinary symptoms at least three times a week persisting for three months or more | |
- Able to have a gynecological examination | |
Exclusion criteria | |
- Have a BMI ≥ 35; - Reduced mobility (not able to get around without the aid of a cane, crutches, or a walker) - Suffer from untreated chronic constipation - Experience important organ prolapse (POPQ > 2) - Received physiotherapy treatment for urinary incontinence in the past year - Have a surgery for incontinence or organ prolapse in the past year - Currently taking any medication for urinary incontinence (eligible if comfortable stopping the medication) or medications affecting skeletal muscles - Experiencing any leakage of stool or mucus - Have an active urinary or vaginal infection in last three months - Recent change in hormonal replacement - Any co-morbidities or risk factors interfering with the study (e.g. respiratory, cardiovascular, or memory problems, active cancer, diabetes, etc.) |