TABLE 4.
Adjusted Associations of Morning Stress and Mood on the Proportion of Food Categories Served at Snack and Dinner Evening Meal Occasions
| Independent Predictor: Stress | Mean | 95% CI | P | Independent Predictor: Mood | Mean | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample adjusted analyses | |||||||
| Fast food | 0.01 | (−0.01 to 0.03) | .149 | Fast food | 0.00 | (–0.02 to 0.02) | .967 |
| Preprepared foods | 0.02 | (−0.01 to 0.06) | .182 | Preprepared foods | 0.05 | (0.01 to 0.08) | .025* |
| Homemade foods | –0.05 | (−0.08 to −0.01) | .008* | Homemade foods | −0.06 | (–0.09 to –0.02) | .004* |
| Stratified by race and/or ethnicity | |||||||
| African American | African American | ||||||
| Fast food | 0.04 | (−0.01 to 0.08) | .116 | Fast food | −0.02 | (−0.08 to 0.04) | .485 |
| Preprepared foods | 0.03 | (−0.04 to 0.11) | .389 | Preprepared foods | 0.10 | (0.03 to 0.17) | .008* |
| Homemade foods | –0.10 | (−0.16 to −0.04) | .001* | Homemade foods | −0.09 | (−0.16 to −0.02) | .008* |
| White | White | ||||||
| Fast food | 0.01 | (−0.02 to 0.04) | .509 | Fast food | 0.03 | (−0.05 to 0.11) | .466 |
| Preprepared foods | 0.03 | (−0.04 to 0.09) | .427 | Preprepared foods | −0.02 | (−0.13 to 0.09) | .755 |
| Homemade foods | –0.02 | (−0.09 to 0.05) | .555 | Homemade foods | 0.00 | (−0.14 to 0.14) | .967 |
| Hmong | Hmong | ||||||
| Fast food | –0.01 | (−0.03 to 0.01) | .319 | Fast food | −0.02 | (−0.05 to 0.00) | .080 |
| Preprepared foods | 0.04 | (−0.03 to 0.10) | .270 | Preprepared foods | 0.04 | (−0.04 to 0.13) | .296 |
| Homemade foods | –0.02 | (−0.09 to 0.05) | .527 | Homemade foods | −0.02 | (−0.11 to 0.07) | .682 |
| Hispanic/Latino | Hispanic/Latino | ||||||
| Fast food | 0.00 | (−0.04 to 0.04) | .897 | Fast food | −0.01 | (–0.04 to 0.02) | .522 |
| Preprepared foods | 0.05 | (−0.04 to 0.14) | .306 | Preprepared foods | 0.12 | (0.04 to 0.20) | .003* |
| Homemade foods | –0.07 | (−0.17 to 0.03) | .161 | Homemade foods | −0.12 | (−0.19 to −0.06) | <.001* |
| American Indian | American Indian | ||||||
| Fast food | –0.04 | (−0.07 to 0.00) | .038* | Fast food | −0.01 | (−0.06 to 0.04) | .655 |
| Preprepared foods | 0.07 | (0.00 to 0.14) | .053 | Preprepared foods | 0.04 | (−0.04 to 0.12) | .344 |
| Homemade foods | –0.04 | (−0.11 to 0.02) | .223 | Homemade foods | −0.05 | (−0.12 to 0.02) | .164 |
| Somali | Somali | ||||||
| Fast food | 0.07 | (−0.01 to 0.15) | .069 | Fast food | 0.04 | (−0.03 to 0.12) | .254 |
| Preprepared foods | –0.04 | (−0.14 to 0.05) | .342 | Preprepared foods | −0.02 | (−0.11 to 0.06) | .631 |
| Homemade foods | –0.03 | (−0.11 to 0.04) | .381 | Homemade foods | −0.02 | (−0.09 to 0.05) | .572 |
Adjusted models include covariates: primary caregiver age and BMI, family race, weekend or weekday observation. Interpretation example: a 1-unit increase in depressed mood earlier in the day was negatively associated with serving homemade foods (mean response: −0.06, 95% CI: −0.09 to −0.02, P = .004) but was positively associated with serving preprepared foods the same night at dinner (mean response: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.08, P = .025), after controlling for all other covariates in the adjusted models. Effect modification interpretation example: in the African American subpopulation analysis, a 1-unit increase in stress levels earlier in the day was negatively associated with serving homemade foods the same night at dinner (mean response: −0.10, 95% CI: −0.16 to −0.04, P = .001).
P < .05.