Table 3. The post-hoc analysis of the GM volume in the brain regions with significant differences among the CD with pain, pain-free CD, and HC groups.
| Regions | CD with pain (n = 21) | Pain-free CD (n = 26) | HC (n = 30) | Pain vs. pain-free | Pain vs. HC | Pain-free vs. HC | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect size | P value | Effect size | P value | Effect size | P value | ||||
| ACC_R | 0.56 ± 0.15 | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.70 ± 0.14 | 0.64 | 0.02 | 0.96 | 0.002 | 0.18 | 0.432 |
| Insula_L | 0.75 ± 0.09 | 0.83 ± 0.10 | 0.85 ± 0.10 | 0.84 | 0.009 | 1.05 | 0.001 | 0.20 | 0.417 |
| HIPP/paraHIPP_L | 1.04 ± 0.10 | 1.10 ± 0.10 | 1.02 ± 0.08 | 0.70 | 0.018 | 0.22 | 0.295 | 1.06 | 0.000 |
| Putamen_L | 0.98 ± 0.15 | 1.00 ± 0.11 | 0.87± 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.619 | 0.81 | 0.003 | 1.13 | 0.000 |
Data are present as mean ± SD. ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; CD, Crohn’s disease; HC, healthy controls; HIPP/paraHIPP, hippocampal and parahippocampal cortex; L, left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere.