Table 2.
Insulin peak values following the ingestion of mixed meal breakfasts in normal weight and overweight/obese participants.
| Outcomes | Normal Weight | Overweight/Obese | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | |
| Low-carbohydrate meal | ||||
| Peak saliva insulin (mU/L) | 1.0–3.9 | 2.5 (1.1) | 2.9–9.9 | 5.7 (2.9) * |
| Peak plasma insulin (mU/L) | 7.6–13.3 | 9.7 (2.1) | 11.8–23.9 | 18.7 (4.1) * |
| High-carbohydrate meal | ||||
| Peak saliva insulin (mU/L) | 2.5–8.2 | 4.8 (2.2) # | 6.4–16.8 | 10.8 (4.3) *,# |
| Peak plasma insulin (mU/L) | 22.1–61.8 | 39.9 (15.8) # | 47.5–125.8 | 81.8 (26.1) *,# |
Meal × Group interactions were significant for all insulin outcome (p < 0.05). * Significantly different from normal weight within meal. # Significantly different from low-carbohydrate meal within group.