Table 2.

Known functions and molecular targets of YopH sorted by Yersinia species, host cell types and stimuli. Unless stated otherwise, all listed targets are negatively regulated by YopH. Ag = antigen, DC = dendritic cell, hum. = human, mur = murine, ROS = reactive oxygen species, TCR = T-cell receptor.

Source	Cell type & stimulus	Direct target	Indirect target	Reference
Y. enterocolitica	Infected mur. macrophages		ROS	237
			Akt signaling, mcp1 mRNA, PI3K signaling?	196
	+ zymosan		no inhibition of ROS?	238
	Infected + CD3/CD28-stim. hum. T-cells		IL-2 secretion, proliferation	196
	Infected hum. neutrophils + opsonized zymosan		ROS	239
	Infected hum. granulocytes + fMLP or PMA		Phagocytosis no inhibition of ROS	240
	Infected mur. DCs		Phagocytosis	175
Y. pseudotuberculosis	Infected hum.epithelial cells		IL-8 secretion	241
		p-p130cas, pFAK, pFyb, pPaxillin, focal adhesion complexes	Phagocytosis	173,242,243,244,245,246
	Infected mur. macrophages	p-p130cas, pFyb focal adhesion complexes, SKAP-HOM?, no binding to FAK		173,246,247,248,249
	+ opsonized bacteria		ROS	250
			Phagocytosis	251
	Infected + TCR-stim. mur. T-cells		IL-2 secretion	252
			Calcium flux, PI3K activity	200
	Infected + PMA- or ionomycin-stim. mur. T-cells		No effect on IL-2 secretion	252
	Infected + TCR-stim. hum. T-cells	pSLP-76, pLAT, not pLCK	Calcium flux, PI3K activity	200
	Infected, Ag-activated mur. B-cells		B7.2 surface presentation	252
	Infected mur. neutrophils	pSKAP-HOM?, pSLP-76?, pPRAM-1? (Fyb homolog), not Fyb	SLP-76 signaling, calcium flux, IL-10 mRNA, TNFα mRNA	253
	Infected mur. DCs		No influence on phagocytosis	176
Y. pestis	Transfected hum. epithelial cells co-transfected with target proteins, pervanadate stim.		Intrinsic apoptosis pathway	177
		p-p85 (PI3K subunit), pFyb, pLCK, Vav, Gab1, Gab2		254
	Transfected or CPP-YopH treated hum. T-cells		Intrinsic apoptosis pathway	177
	CPP-YopH treated, CD3/CD28- stim. hum. T-cells	pLCK (Y394)	IL-2 secretion	172
	Transfected, CD3/CD28- stim. hum. T-cells	pLCK (Y394), pERK?, pZAP70?, pζ?	NF-κB & NFAT/AP-1 signaling, IL-2 secretion	172,233,254
	Transfected or CPP-YopH treated, Ag-stim. rat mast cells		Degranulation	255