TABLE 3.
Decomposition Results From Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition BMI z Score Difference Between White and Other Racial and/or Ethnic Groups for Individual Risk Factors, Boys and Girls: ECLS-B
| Factor | Boys | Girls | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African American | Hispanic | Asian | American Indian | African American | Hispanic | Asian | American Indian | |||||||||||||||||
| Βa (SE) | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | Β (SE) | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | Β (SE) | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | Β (SE) | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | Β (SE) | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | Β (SE) | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | Β (SE) | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | Β (SE) | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | |
| Age | 0.012 (0.01) | −0.008 | 0.032 | −0.007 (0.01) | −0.027 | 0.012 | 0.005 (0.01) | −0.016 | 0.025 | −0.018 (0.02) | −0.050 | 0.015 | 0.006 (0.01) | −0.008 | 0.021 | 0.021 (0.01) | −0.010 | 0.014 | −0.001 (0.01) | −0.017 | 0.014 | 0.001 (0.01) | −0.017 | 0.019 |
| Socioeconomic factors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SES | −0.004 (0.03) | −0.070 | 0.063 | −0.00296 | −0.150 | 0.002 | 0.016 (0.01) | −0.010 | 0.043 | −0.037 (0.04) | −0.116 | 0.043 | −0.053 (0.04) | −0.123 | 0.017 | 0.017 (0.04) | −0.130 | 0.019 | 0.016 (0.01) | −0.012 | 0.044 | −0.060 (0.04) | −0.143 | 0.022 |
| Household food insecurity | −0.001 (0.01) | −0.019 | 0.018 | 0.016 (0.01) | −0.014 | 0.045 | 0.000 (0.00) | −0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 (0.01) | −0.021 | 0.023 | −0.008 (0.01) | −0.029 | 0.012 | 0.012 (0.01) | −0.023 | 0.005 | 0.004 (0.01) | −0.009 | 0.018 | −0.028 (0.02) | −0.070 | 0.013 |
| Neighborhood safety | −0.006 (0.02) | −0.043 | 0.032 | −0.021 (0.02) | −0.056 | 0.014 | 0.000 (0.00) | −0.004 | 0.004 | 0.000 (0.00) | −0.001 | 0.001 | −0.016 (0.01) | −0.039 | 0.008 | 0.008 (0.01) | −0.023 | 0.012 | −0.004 (0.01) | −0.016 | 0.009 | −0.003 (0.00) | −0.013 | 0.006 |
| Maternal risk factors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wt, kg (SE) | −0.016 (0.01) | −0.035 | 0.004 | 0.002 (0.01) | −0.008 | 0.013 | 0.022 (0.01) | −0.005 | 0.049 | 0.012 (0.01) | −0.015 | 0.038 | −0.015 (0.01) | −0.034 | 0.004 | 0.004 (0.00) | −0.006 | 0.012 | 0.018 (0.01) | −0.008 | 0.045 | −0.008 (0.01) | −0.029 | 0.014 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 0.008 (0.01) | −0.013 | 0.030 | −0.001 (0.01) | −0.023 | 0.022 | 0.003 (0.02) | −0.030 | 0.037 | −0.002 (0.01) | −0.013 | 0.010 | 0.001 (0.01) | −0.016 | 0.018 | 0.018 (0.02) | −0.021 | 0.038 | 0.002 (0.02) | −0.032 | 0.037 | 0.000 (0.00) | −0.005 | 0.005 |
| Early life risk factors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Never breastfed | −0.017 (0.01) | −0.044 | 0.010 | 0.002 (0.00) | −0.005 | 0.009 | 0.006 (0.01) | −0.013 | 0.024 | −0.006 (0.01) | −0.023 | 0.011 | −0.011 (0.02) | −0.045 | 0.023 | 0.023 (0.01) | −0.006 | 0.019 | 0.009 (0.01) | −0.011 | 0.028 | −0.001 (0.01) | −0.014 | 0.011 |
| Early introduction of solid foods | 0.000 (0.01) | −0.010 | 0.010 | 0.007 (0.01) | −0.006 | 0.02 | 0.024 (0.02) | −0.014 | 0.063 | −0.006 (0.01) | −0.025 | 0.013 | −0.008 (0.01) | −0.026 | 0.009 | 0.009 (0.00) | −0.004 | 0.006 | 0.010 (0.01) | −0.014 | 0.035 | −0.004 (0.01) | −0.017 | 0.010 |
| Wt gain | −0.079*** (0.03) | −0.131 | −0.028 | −0.030 (0.02) | −0.074 | 0.014 | 0.011 (0.02) | −0.031 | 0.054 | −0.026 (0.04) | −0.098 | 0.045 | −0.060*** (0.02) | −0.106 | −0.015 | −0.0003 | −0.075 | 0.001 | 0.010 (0.02) | −0.024 | 0.044 | −0.096*** (0.03) | −0.163 | −0.028 |
| Early childhood risk factors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TV viewing >2 h per d | 0.003 (0.02) | −0.032 | 0.038 | −0.007 (0.01) | −0.029 | 0.015 | 0.001 (0.01) | −0.010 | 0.011 | 0.000 (0.01) | −0.013 | 0.014 | 0.002 (0.02) | −0.035 | 0.039 | 0.039 (0.01) | −0.022 | 0.033 | 0.000 (0.00) | −0.003 | 0.003 | −0.001 (0.02) | −0.043 | 0.041 |
| Physical inactivity | −0.002 (0.01) | −0.013 | 0.009 | 0.000 (0.00) | −0.006 | 0.007 | 0.004 (0.01) | −0.009 | 0.018 | −0.003 (0.01) | −0.019 | 0.013 | 0.002 (0.00) | −0.005 | 0.010 | 0.010 (0.01) | −0.005 | 0.017 | 0.014 (0.01) | −0.014 | 0.042 | 0.001 (0.01) | −0.010 | 0.011 |
| SSB consumption | −0.012 (0.01) | −0.038 | 0.013 | −0.007 (0.01) | −0.024 | 0.009 | −0.002 (0.01) | −0.012 | 0.009 | 0.002 (0.00) | −0.006 | 0.011 | 0.011 (0.01) | −0.014 | 0.035 | 0.035 (0.01) | −0.008 | 0.024 | −0.008 (0.01) | −0.024 | 0.009 | 0.024 (0.02) | −0.011 | 0.059 |
| Nonparental child care | 0.001 (0.00) | −0.004 | 0.006 | 0.002 (0.01) | −0.009 | 0.013 | 0.000 (0.00) | −0.003 | 0.003 | −0.001 (0.00) | −0.005 | 0.004 | −0.009 (0.01) | −0.022 | 0.005 | 0.005* (0.01) | 0.000 | 0.046 | −0.005 (0.01) | −0.018 | 0.008 | 0.007 (0.01) | −0.015 | 0.029 |
| Fruit and vegetable consumption | 0.002 (0.00) | −0.005 | 0.010 | −0.003 (0.00) | −0.011 | 0.005 | −0.004 (0.01) | −0.015 | 0.007 | 0.002 (0.01) | −0.008 | 0.013 | −0.001 (0.00) | −0.009 | 0.006 | 0.006 (0.01) | −0.013 | 0.008 | −0.001 (0.01) | −0.01 | 0.008 | −0.009 (0.01) | −0.025 | 0.008 |
| Family meals <4 per wk | −0.004 (0.01) | −0.029 | 0.021 | −0.008 (0.01) | −0.028 | 0.011 | −0.014 (0.01) | −0.040 | 0.013 | −0.003 (0.01) | −0.016 | 0.010 | 0.014 (0.01) | −0.010 | 0.038 | 0.038 (0.01) | −0.022 | 0.007 | 0.002 (0.00) | −0.007 | 0.01 | 0.001 (0.01) | −0.011 | 0.013 |
| Total explained gap | −0.113** (0.06) | −0.225 | −0.000 | −0.129 (0.05) | −0.234 | −0.025 | 0.073* (0.04) | −0.010 | 0.157 | −0.085 (0.05) | −0.191 | 0.022 | −0.146*** (0.05) | −0.235 | −0.057 | −0.057 (0.05) | −0.145 | 0.038 | 0.067* (0.04) | −0.007 | 0.14 | −0.176*** (0.06) | −0.288 | −0.064 |
| Total unexplained gap | −0.063 (0.09) | −0.238 | 0.112 | −0.231** (0.09) | −0.406 | −0.054 | 0.060 (0.103) | −0.142 | 0.261 | −0.137 (0.119) | −0.371 | 0.097 | 0.011 (0.086) | −0.157 | 0.179 | −0.0869 (0.08) | −0.245 | 0.071 | 0.204** (0.09) | 0.030 | 0.379 | −0.231** (0.11) | −0.449 | −0.012 |
| Total predicted gap | −0.176** (0.08) | −0.330 | −0.021 | −0.360*** (0.08) | −0.514 | −0.206 | 0.133 (0.11) | −0.090 | 0.356 | −0.222* (0.121) | −0.459 | 0.016 | −0.135* (0.078) | −0.288 | 0.018 | −0.140* (0.08) | −0.289 | 0.009 | 0.271*** (0.09) | 0.094 | 0.448 | −0.407*** (0.11) | −0.627 | −0.187 |
The average contribution of risk factors to the explained portion of the gaps in BMI z scores between white and other race and/or ethnicity boys and girls. For example, differences in infant weight gain between white and African American boys accounted for 70.5% (–0.079 of –0.113) of the explained gap in BMI z scores between the 2 groups. CI, confidence interval.
a
Contribution to explained gap.
***
P < .01; ** P < .05; * P < .10.