Table 1.

Study	Lead Author	Intervention	Control condition	Populati on	Psychiatric condition	Psychiatric Outcomes	Cardiac Outcomes	N	Findings
Bypassing the Blues (56)	Rollman	Phone-delivered collaborative care for 8 months. Treatment options included workbook, antidepressant, watchful waiting, or referral to mental health provider.	Enhanced usual care (notified participants and PCP of depression diagnosis)	Post-CABG	Depression (PHQ-9 score ≥10 at 2 weeks post-CABG)	Health-related quality of life (HRQoL; SF-36 MCS [primary study outcome measure] and PCS), function (DASI), depression (HRS-D)	Rehospitalization rates at 8 months	302 (150 intervention, 152 usual care)	At 8-month follow-up, intervention led to significant improvements in SF-36 MCS (between-group difference 3.2 points; 95% CI=0.5–6.0; p=.02) but not PCS (1.6 points; 95% CI=−0.5–3.8; p=.14). It also led to significant improvements in DASI (4.6 points; 95% CI=1.9–7.3; p=.001) and HRS-D (3.1 points; 95% CI=1.3–4.9; p=.001). Intervention led to greater rates of depression response (50% reduction in depressive symptoms) (effect size 0.42; 95% CI=0.19–0.65; p<.001) No significant difference was seen between the two groups in rates of rehospitalization (33% intervention vs. 32% usual care).
The Coronary Psychosocial Evaluation Study (COPES) (59)	Davidson	Stepped care consisting of pharmacotherapy and/or problem-solving therapy delivered in-person or by telephone.	Enhanced usual care (notified physicians of elevated depressive symptoms and presence of depressive episode)	Post-ACS	Depression (BDI ≥10 within 1 week of hospitalization for ACS and 3 months later)	Satisfaction with depression care, depressive symptoms (BDI)	Major adverse cardiac events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina hospitalization, or mortality), other adverse events	157 (80 intervention, 77 usual care)	Intervention led to higher rates of satisfaction at 9 months (54% [intervention] vs. 19% [usual care]; odds ratio 5.4, 95% CI=2.2–12.9, p<0.001), but not 3 months. Intervention led to significantly greater reductions in BDI score than usual care (5.7 vs. 1.9 points, t=2.85, p=0.005), and patients in the intervention group had fewer MACE than those in usual care 4% vs. 13%, χ2=3.93, p=.047).
The Comparison of Depression Interventions after Acute Coronary Syndrome Study (CODIAC S) (60)	Davidson	Stepped care consisting of pharmacotherapy and/or problem-solving therapy delivered in-person or by internet/phone for 6 months.	Enhanced usual care (notified physicians of elevated depressive symptoms)	Post-ACS	Depression (BDI ≥10 on two occasions or ≥15 on one occasion, administered 2–6 months post-ACS)	Depressive symptoms (BDI), health-related Quality of life (SF-12), anxiety (PROMIS anxiety short form)	Health care costs	150 (73 intervention, 77 usual care)	Intervention was associated with greater improvement in depressive symptoms (10.1 vs. 6.6-point reduction, p=.01) and greater rates of depression remission (47% vs. 28%, p=.04) at 6 months. There were no significant between-group differences in change in anxiety or health-related quality of life. Mental health costs were significantly higher in the intervention group $687, p<.001). Average hospital costs and total healthcare costs were not significantly different between the two groups.
The Screening Utilization and Collaborative Care for more Effective and Efficient treatment of Depression (SUCCEE D) trial (61)	Huffman	Telephone-delivered collaborative care program consisting of pharmacotherapy or CBT over 12 weeks	Enhanced usual care (notified physicians of elevated depressive symptoms)	Cardiac inpatient s (HF, ACS, arrhythmia)	Depression (PHQ-9 ≥10, with 5 or more symptoms [including depressed mood or anhedonia] present for more than half the days over the previous 2 weeks)	Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), health-related quality of life (SF-12), anxiety (HADS-A), cognitive symptoms of depression (CPFQ)	Cardiac symptoms, self-reported adherence (MOS), cardiac readmissions	175 (90 intervention, 85 usual care)	At 6 and 12 weeks, the intervention led to significantly greater improvement s in depression (PHQ-9) (6 weeks: between-group difference 3.03 points, 95% CI=1.1o to 4.97, p=.002; 12 weeks: between-group difference 3.43 points, 95% CI=1.45 to 5.41, p<.001), mental health-related quality of life (6 weeks: between-group difference 7.32 points, p<.001; 12 weeks: between-group difference 5.92 points, p=.003), anxiety (6 weeks: between-group difference 1.55 points, p=.047; 12 weeks: between-group difference 1.86 points, p=.02), and cognitive symptoms of depression (6 weeks: between-group difference 2.43 points, p=.03; 12 weeks: between-group difference 3.95 points, p=.002). At 6 months, the intervention led to significantly greater reductions in cardiac symptoms than enhanced usual care. However, there were no between-group differences in rates of readmission.
Management Of Sadness and Anxiety In Cardiology (MOSAIC) trial (11)	Huffman	Telephone-delivered collaborative care program consisting of pharmacotherapy or CBT over 24 weeks	Enhanced usual care (notified physicians of elevated depressive or anxiety symptoms)	Cardiac inpatient s (HF, ACS, arrhythmia)	Depression (PHQ-9 ≥10, with 5 or more symptoms [including depressed mood or anhedonia] present for more than half the days over the previous 2 weeks), GAD, or PD (PRIME-MD anxiety modules)	Mental health-related quality of life (SF-12 MCS), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), anxiety (HADS-A)	Self-reported adherence (MOS), physical health-related quality of life (SF-12 PCS), functional status (DASI), overall health-related quality of life (EQ5D), cardiac readmissions	183 (92 intervention, 91 control)	Intervention led to greater improvement s in mental health-related quality of life (SF-12 MCS change: 11.21 vs. 5.53, p=.002), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 change: −8.06 vs. −6.01, p=.045), functional status (DASI change: 12.17 vs. 6.59, p=.005), and overall health-related quality of life (EQ5D change: 0.22 vs. 0.10, p=.03). However, the intervention did not lead to greater improvement s in anxiety, self-reported adherence, physical health-related quality of life, or cardiac readmissions.).
TrueBlue (66)	Morgan	In-person, nurse-led collaborative care program consisting of pharmacotherapy or referral for psychotherapy over 12 months	Wait-list control group (treatment as usual)	Diabetes, CAD, or both	Elevated depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥5)	Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), health-related quality of life (SF-36 MCS and PCS), antidepressant prescriptions, referral/attendance to mental health worker	BMI, waist circumference, SBP, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride s, HbA1c, 10-year CVD risk, smoking, alcohol use, regular exercise, referral to/attendance at exercise program	400 (206 intervention, 194 control)	At 6 months, the intervention was associated with significantly greater improvement s in depressive symptoms (between-group difference=1. 0 points, p=.012), regular exercise (p<.001), referral to an exercise program (p<.001), referral to a mental health worker (p<.001), and attendance at mental health worker appointments (p=.044) than the control group. At 12 months, the intervention led to significant improvement s in depression (PHQ-9: 10.6 vs. 6.6, p<.001), mental and physical health-related quality of life (MCS: 36.0 vs. 41.3, p<.001; PCS: 40.6 vs. 44.3, p<.001), BMI (31.4 vs. 31.1 kg/m2, p=.006), SBP (135.2 vs. 130.2 mm Hg, p=.016), HDL (1.22 vs. 1.36 mmol/l, p<.001), triglycerides (1.73 vs. 1.63 mmol/l, p=.004), 10-year cardiac risk score (27.4% vs. 24.9%, p=.015), regular exercise (40% vs. 58%, p<.001), referral to an exercise program (18% vs. 37%, p<.001), antidepressant use (15% vs. 23%, p=.001), referral to a mental health worker (28% vs. 42%, p<.001), and attendance at mental health worker appointments (6% vs. 18%, p<.001), compared to baseline.
TEAMcare (52)	Katon	In-person and phone-delivered ‘blended’ collaborative care program focused on improvement of depression, physical health targets (e.g., blood pressure), and illness self-management over 12 months.	Enhanced usual care (PCPs were notified about depression and poor disease control at baseline and received study laboratory test results [e.g., A1C] at baseline,6, and 12 months)	Diabetes, CAD, or both	Depression (PHQ-9 ≥10)	Depressive symptoms (SCL-20, Patient Global rating of depression Improvement), Quality of life (0–10 Likert)	HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, SBP, medication adjustments	214 (106 intervention, 108 control)	At 12 months, the intervention group had significantly greater overall improvement in HbA1c (between-group difference −0.56; 95% CI= −0.85 to −0.27; p<.05), LDL (between-group difference −9.1; 95% CI= −17.5 to −0.8; p<.05), and SCL-20 scores (between-group difference −0.41; 95% CI= −0.56 to −0.26; p<.001). Intervention participants also had SBP improvement s (between-group difference −3.4; 95% CI= −6.9 to 0.1) that approached significance. Patients in the intervention group also had greater improvement in quality of life (intervention group 6.0 +/−2.2, 5.2 +/−1.9, p<0.001) and higher rates of care satisfaction for depression (intervention group 81/90 (90), usual care group 46/84 (55), p<0.001) and diabetes/cardiac disease (intervention group 79/92 (86), usual care 62/88 (70) p<0.001). Intervention participants also had higher rates of having one or more adjustments of antidepressants (88% vs. 30%; p<.001), antihypertensives (79% vs. 49%; p<.001), and insulin (53% vs. 33%; p=.006), though no significantly greater rates of oral hypoglycemic or lipid lowering agent adjustments.
Care of Mental, Physical, and Substance use Syndrome s (COMPA SS) initiative (71)	Rossum	In-person and phone-delivered ‘blended’ collaborative care program focused on improvement of depression, physical health targets (e.g., blood pressure), and illness self-management over 12 months.	None (implementation study)	Diabetes, CAD, or both.	Depression (PHQ-9≥10)	Depression response (50% decrease on PHQ-9), care satisfaction	HbA1c, blood pressure	3,609	Over a mean follow-up of 11 months (range 1–26 months), 40% achieved depression response, with 24% reaching remission (PHQ-9<5). 23% of patients with initial A1C>8 had achieved the pre-defined HbA1c goal (AIC<8.0) at follow-up, and 58% with hypertension at baseline achieved blood pressure control (systolic blood pressure<140 and diastolic blood pressure<90). Patients were significantly more likely to rate their depression care as “excellent” at follow-up compared to baseline (OR=1.87 95% CI=1.42–2.46). Patients also rated their overall care as “excellent” more often after experiencing COMPASS care (44.6% at 1 year vs. 38.6% at baseline), although this did not reach statistical significance (OR=1.20, 95% CI=0.99–1.67).