Table 2. Hazard ratios for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality according to different levels of hepcidin among patients.
| Baseline plasma hepcidin level | Ptrend | as a continuous variablee | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <33.3% | 33.3 to <66.7% | ≥66.7 | |||
| Total samples | |||||
| No. of subjects | 428 | 429 | 428 | 1285 | |
| Person-years | 1788 | 1763 | 1621 | 5172 | |
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| No. of death | 41 | 49 | 64 | 154 | |
| Adjustment for age and gender | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.81-1.48) | 1.81 (1.35-2.37) | 0.02 | 1.65 (1.05-2.54) |
| Multivariable adjustment | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.69-1.71) | 1.80 (1.23-2.45) | 0.03 | 1.90 (1.25-3.01) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.65-1.70) | 1.75 (1.21-2.49) | 0.04 | 1.83 (1.21-2.96) |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.62-1.64) | 1.65 (1.11-2.33) | 0.10 | 1.59 (1.12-2.59) |
| Model 4d | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.59-1.63) | 1.49 (1.05 -2.21) | 0.15 | 1.41 (0.95-2.29) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||||
| No. of death | 33 | 35 | 46 | 114 | |
| Adjustment for age and gender | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.71-1.65) | 1.74 (1.15-2.71) | 0.01 | 2.01 (1.35-3.25) |
| Multivariable adjustment | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.69-1.80) | 1.91 (1.15-2.80) | 0.01 | 2.15 (1.45-3.34) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.68-1.76) | 1.83 (1.13-2.79) | 0.02 | 2.05 (1.25-3.24) |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.59-1.61) | 1.65 (1.06-2.63) | 0.06 | 1.89 (1.17-2.92) |
| Model 4d | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.69-1.53) | 1.39 (0.79-2.41) | 0.15 | 1.52 (0.87-2.50) |
| Acute coronary syndrome | |||||
| No. of subjects | 252 | 254 | 253 | 759 | |
| Person-years | 1064 | 1008 | 918 | 2990 | |
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| No. of death | 17 | 30 | 40 | 87 | |
| Adjustment for age and gender | 1.00 | 1.92 (0.85-3.56) | 3.41 (1.81-6.05) | <0.001 | 3.33 (1.82-5.45) |
| Multivariable adjustment | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 2.10 (1.05-3.59) | 3.31 (1.79-5.94) | <0.001 | 3.28 (1.75-5.63) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 2.32 (1.31-4.25) | 2.97 (1.68-5.45) | <0.001 | 3.15 (1.43-5.60) |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 2.18 (1.23-3.94) | 2.82(1.59-5.12) | 0.006 | 2.85 (1.40-5.21) |
| Model 4d | 1.00 | 2.15 (1.11-3.86) | 2.65 (1.37-4.85) | 0.003 | 2.76 (1.35-4.87) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||||
| No. of death | 13 | 21 | 32 | 66 | |
| Adjustment for age and gender | 1.00 | 2.36 (0.85-4.22) | 3.23 (1.51-5.92) | <0.001 | 3.43 (1.35-5.78) |
| Multivariable adjustment | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 2.22 (1.23-4.15) | 3.18 (1.60-5.88) | <0.001 | 3.35 (1.63-6.25) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 2.18 (1.15-3.98) | 2.94 (1.57-5.75) | 0.009 | 3.30 (1.70-7.12) |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 2.20 (1.12-4.05) | 2.64 (1.41-5.65) | 0.01 | 3.12 (1.52-6.43) |
| Model 4d | 1.00 | 2.15 (1.08-3.87) | 2.48 (1.31-5.05) | 0.03 | 2.75 (1.39-6.12) |
| Stable coronary artery disease | |||||
| No. of subjects | 175 | 176 | 175 | 526 | |
| Person-years | 723 | 739 | 719 | 2181 | |
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| No. of death | 23 | 22 | 22 | 67 | |
| Adjustment for age and gender | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.72-1.78) | 1.03 (0.66-1.79) | 0.75 | 1.10 (0.72-2.05) |
| Multivariable adjustment | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.65-1.66) | 0.90 (0.63-1.78) | 0.88 | 0.98 (0.66-1.99) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.62-1.73) | 1.01 (0.55-2.01) | 0.76 | 1.05 (0.55-2.32) |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.56-1.66) | 0.92 (0.60-1.82) | 0.68 | 0.95 (0.53-2.05) |
| Model 4d | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.52-1.63) | 0.73 (0.45-1.65) | 0.72 | 0.88 (0.40-1.66) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||||
| No. of death | 15 | 15 | 18 | 48 | |
| Adjustment for age and gender | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.60-1.82) | 1.15 (0.55-1.92) | 0.97 | 1.03 (0.56-2.31) |
| Multivariable adjustment | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.58-2.03) | 1.03 (0.54-1.88) | 0.88 | 0.89 (0.54-2.11) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.53-2.12) | 0.98 (0.52-1.95) | 0.95 | 0.95(0.49-1.98) |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.48-1.98) | 0.88 (0.63-2.12) | 0.79 | 0.99 (0.46-2.05) |
| Model 4d | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.50-1.73) | 0.72 (0.56-1.87) | 0.76 | 0.78 (0.33-1.89) |
amodel 1 was adjusted for age, gender, smoke and alcohol use.
bModel 2 was further adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, history of diabetes, history of heart failure, type, severity, and treatment of coronary artery disease, use of lipid-lowering, anti-hypertensive and glucose-lowering drugs.
cModel 3 additionally adjusted for C-reactive protein.
dModel 4 additionally adjusted for ferritin.
eHepcidin was log-transformed when included in the models as a continuous variable.