Table 2.
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among patients and controls stratified by age.
| Patients | Controls | |||||||
| Risk factors | 30–44 (n = 139) % (95% CI) | 45–59 (n = 202) % (95% CI) | ≥60 (n = 38) % (95% CI) | Total | 30–44 (n = 116) % (95% CI) | 45–59 (n = 121) % (95% CI) | ≥60 (n = 119) % (95% CI) | Total |
| BMI (kg/m2): | ||||||||
| Overweight (≥25 < 30) | 15.1 (10.1–22.1) | 12.4 (8.5–17.7) | 5.3 (1.3–18.8) | 12.7 (9.7–16.4) | 14.8 (9.4–22.5) | 18.3 (12.4–26.3) | 12.6 (7.7–19.9) | 15.3 (11.9–19.4) |
| Obese (≥30) | 2.2 (0.7–6.5) | 8.4 (5.3–13.1) | 5.3 (1.3–18.8) | 5.8 (3.8–8.7) | 7.0 (3.5–13.3) | 11.7 (7.0–18.8) | 3.3 (1.3–8.6) | 7.3 (5.0–10.6) |
| Waist–hip ratio | ||||||||
| >0.95 (male) and >0.85 (female) | 41.0 (33.1–49.4) | 42.1 (35.5–49.0) | 42.1 (27.6–58.1) | 41.7 (36.8–46.7) | 30.2 (22.5–39.1) | 38.8 (30.6–47.8) | 30.3 (22.7–39.1) | 33.2 (28.4–38.2) |
| SBP (mmHg): | ||||||||
| 140–159 | 1.4 (0.4–5.6) | 9.5 (6.1–14.4) | 31.6 (18.9–47.8) | 8.7 (6.3–12.0) | 3.5 (1.3–9.0) | 17.5 (11.7–25.4) | 24.4 (17.5–32.9) | 15.3 (11.9–19.5) |
| 160–179 | 1.4 (0.4–5.6) | 4.5 (2.3–8.4) | 2.6 (0.4–16.5) | 3.2 (1.8–5.5) | 0 | 5.8 (2.8–11.8) | 9.2 (5.2–15.9) | 5.1 (3.2–8.0) |
| ≥180 | 0 | 1.0 (0.2–3.9) | 5.3 (1.3–18.8) | 1.1 (0.4–2.8) | 0 | 0 | 7.5 (4.0–13.9) | 2.5 (1.3–4.8) |
| SBP ≥140 mmHg | 2.9 (1.1–7.4) | 14.9 (10.6–20.6) | 39.5 (25.4–55.6) | 13.0 (9.9–16.8) | 3.5 (1.3–9.0) | 23.3 (16.6–31.7) | 41.2 (32.7–50.2) | 23.0 (18.9–27.6) |
| DBP (mmHg) | ||||||||
| 90–99 | 8.6 (5.0–14.6) | 11.9 (8.1–17.2) | 15.8 (7.3–31.0) | 11.1 (8.3–14.7) | 6.1 (3.0–12.3) | 13.3 (8.3–20.7) | 19.3 (13.2–27.4) | 13.0 (9.9–17.0) |
| 100–109 | 1.4 (0.4–5.6) | 4.5 (2.3–8.4) | 10.5 (4.0–24.9) | 4.0 (2.4–6.5) | 0 | 4.2 (1.7–9.6) | 5.9 (2.8–11.8) | 3.4 (1.9–5.9) |
| ≥110 | 0 | 1.5 (0.5–4.5) | 2.6 (0.4–16.5) | 1.1 (0.4–2.8) | 0 | 0 | 5.9 (2.8–11.8) | 2.0 (0.9–4.1) |
| DBP ≥90 mmHg | 10.1 (6.0–16.3) | 17.9 (13.2–23.9) | 29.0 (16.8–45.1) | 16.1 (12.8–20.2) | 6.1 (3.0–12.3) | 17.5 (11.7–25.4) | 31.1 (23.4–40.0) | 18.4 (14.7–22.8) |
| Hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mmHg) | 10.8 (6.6–17.2) | 20.4 (15.4–26.6) | 44.7 (29.9–60.6) | 19.3 (15.6–23.6) | 6.1 (3.0–12.3) | 25.8 (18.8–34.4) | 42.9 (34.3–51.9) | 25.2 (21.0–30.0) |
| Self- reported history of hypertension | 5.0 (2.4–10.2) | 14.1 (9.9–19.4) | 34.2 (21.0–50.5) | 12.8 (9.7–16.6) | 9.2 (5.0–16.2) | 32.1 (24.2–41.3) | 37.6 (29.3–46.7) | 26.6 (22.2–31.6) |
| Total cholesterol | ||||||||
| ≥200 mg/dl: | 10.1 (6.1–16.4) | 19.8 (14.9–25.9) | 26.3 (14.8–42.1) | 16.9 (13.5–21.1) | 2.6 (0.8–7.9) | 16.7 (11.0–24.5) | 17.7 (11.8–25.6) | 12.5 (9.4–16.4) |
| Median TC: mg/dl (IQR) | 140.5 (110–175) | 154 (118–187) | 166 (137–202) | 151 (115–181) | 131 (103–169) | 152 (115.5–186.5) | 148 (114–185) | 144 (111–180) |
| LDL cholesterol | ||||||||
| ≥130 mg/dl: | 8.0 (4.5–13.9) | 15.4 (11.1–21.1) | 23.7 (12.8–39.6) | 13.6 (10.5–17.4) | 1.8 (0.4–6.8) | 12.5 (7.7–19.7) | 11.8 (7.1–18.9) | 8.8 (6.2–12.2) |
| Median LDL (IQR) | 77 (59–104) | 88 (65–116) | 96.5 (66–128) | 85 (63–111) | 71.5 (55–92) | 86.5 (63.5–110) | 84 (63–109) | 80 (61–106) |
| HDL cholesterol | ||||||||
| <40 (male)/<50 (female) | 53.6 (45.3–61.8) | 49.0 (42.1–55.9) | 34.2 (21.0–50.5) | 49.2 (44.1–54.3) | 57.0 (47.8–65.8) | 52.5 (43.6–61.3) | 49.6 (40.7–58.5) | 53.0 (47.7–58.1) |
| Median HDL female (IQR) | 45 (35–60) | 47 (34–65) | 60 (43–69) | 47 (35–63) | 46 (35–54) | 46 (35.5–58) | 45.5 (33–59) | 46 (35–58) |
| Median HDL male (IQR) | 46 (35–62) | 46 (39–59) | 45 (31–62) | 46 (38–60) | 41.5 (32–54) | 46.5 (32–58.5) | 43 (32–57) | 43 (32–57) |
| Triglycerides | ||||||||
| ≥150 mg/dl | 13.0 (8.3–19.6) | 19.3 (14.4–25.4) | 10.5 (4.0–24.9) | 16.1 (12.7–20.2) | 7.8 (4.1–12.3) | 19.0 (13.0–27.0) | 12.6 (7.7–19.9) | 13.2 (10.1–17.1) |
| Median TG (IQR) | 76 (48–116) | 88.5 (63–129) | 87.5 (65–132) | 84 (60–126) | 77.5 (53–105) | 92 (63.5–132.5) | 91 (69–121) | 66 (63–121) |
| HbA1c | ||||||||
| 6.0–6.4% | 6.5 (3.4–12.0) | 7.9 (4.9–12.6) | 10.5 (4.0–24.9) | 7.7 (5.4–10.8) | 3.5 (1.3–8.8) | 5.8 (2.8–11.8) | 6.8 (3.4–13.0) | 5.4 (3.4–8.3) |
| ≥6.5% | 5.0 (2.4–10.2) | 6.4 (3.8–10.8) | 13.2 (5.6–28.0) | 6.6 (4.5–9.6) | 3.4 (1.3–8.8) | 4.2 (1.7–9.6) | 1.7 (0.4–6.5) | 3.1 (1.7–5.5) |
| Current smoker | ||||||||
| 2.2 (0.7–6.5) | 2.5 (1.0–5.8) | 2.6 (0.4–16.5) | 2.4 (1.2–4.5) | 2.6 (0.8–7.7) | 4.1 (1.7–9.6) | 8.4 (4.6–14.9) | 5.1 (3.2–7.9) | |
BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.