Correction
In the article by Tunstall‐Pedoe, et al, “Twenty‐Year Predictors of Peripheral Arterial Disease Compared With Coronary Heart Disease in the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC),” which published online September 18, 2017, and appeared in the September 2017 issue of the journal (J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6:e005967. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005967), the results in Table 4 for Apolipoprotein A and Apolipoprotein B were inconsistent and incorrect between pages 8 and 9. The age‐adjusted hazard ratios on page 8 were correctly shown as their reciprocal for Apolipoprotein A and not so for Apoliporotein B. Those additionally adjusted for ASSIGN variables on page 9 erroneously showed Apolipoprotein B as the reciprocal and not Apolipoprotein A. The corrected Table is presented below with the hazard ratio for Apolipoprotein A shown as the reciprocal for both its appearances, and that for Apolipoprotein B not so for both.
Table 4.
Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Limits by Individual Factors for CHD and PAD, Adjusted First for Age and Then Additionally for ASSIGN Factors (Which are Excluded), for the Sexes Separately
| Adjusted for Age | Coronary Heart Disease | Peripheral Arterial Disease | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men 1847 | Women 1251 | Men 291 | Women 208 | |||
| Personal | ||||||
| Age† | 1.57 (1.50; 1.65)* | 1.84 (1.73; 1.95)* | 1.75 (1.54; 1.99)* | 1.96 (1.69; 2.28)* | ||
| Years of education | R | 1.16 (1.11; 1.22)* | 1.32 (1.23; 1.43)* | R | 1.27 (1.11; 1.45)* | 1.35 (1.12; 1.61)* |
| Family history CHD† | 1.45 (1.31; 1.60)* | 1.69 (1.51; 1.89)* | 1.57 (1.23; 2.01)* | 1.48 (1.12; 1.95)* | ||
| SIMD score (SES)† | 1.18 (1.12; 1.23)* | 1.30 (1.23; 1.37)* | 1.48 (1.33; 1.65)* | 1.56 (1.38; 1.77)* | ||
| ASSIGN CV risk score† | 1.44 (1.39; 1.50)* | 1.50 (1.44; 1.56)* | 1.76 (1.62; 1.92)* | 1.79 (1.66; 1.93)* | ||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Current smoker Y/N | 1.60 (1.46; 1.76)* | 1.86 (1.66; 2.07)* | 3.96 (3.01; 5.21)* | 7.08 (5.07; 9.88)* | ||
| Cigs/day equivalent† | 1.29 (1.24; 1.34)* | 1.40 (1.33; 1.48)* | 1.68 (1.54; 1.82)* | 2.01 (1.85; 2.19)* | ||
| Expired CO | 1.26 (1.22; 1.31)* | 1.28 (1.21; 1.34)* | 1.61 (1.49; 1.73)* | 1.88 (1.73; 2.04)* | ||
| Thiocyanate | 1.28 (1.22; 1.34)* | 1.30 (1.22; 1.37)* | 2.05 (1.81; 2.33)* | 2.44 (2.09; 2.85)* | ||
| Cotinine | 1.33 (1.27; 1.38)* | 1.37 (1.30; 1.44)* | 1.76 (1.59; 1.95)* | 2.09 (1.87; 2.34)* | ||
| Physical | ||||||
| Height | R | 1.15 (1.08; 1.22)* | 1.28 (1.19; 1.41)* | R | 1.18 (1.01; 1.37)* | 1.20 (0.98; 1.49) |
| Weight | 1.14 (1.08; 1.20)* | 1.21 (1.14; 1.28)* | 0.93 (0.81; 1.07) | 1.15 (0.99; 1.33) | ||
| Body mass index | 1.24 (1.17; 1.30)* | 1.24 (1.18; 1.29)* | 0.99 (0.86; 1.14) | 1.17 (1.04; 1.31)* | ||
| Waist circumference. | 1.27 (1.19; 1.36)* | 1.36 (1.27; 1.45)* | 1.09 (0.93; 1.29) | 1.37 (1.16; 1.61)* | ||
| Waist‐to‐hip ratio | 1.16 (1.09; 1.22)* | 1.27 (1.18; 1.37)* | 1.14 (0.98; 1.33) | 1.42 (1.17; 1.71)* | ||
| Systolic BP† | 1.23 (1.18; 1.29)* | 1.26 (1.19; 1.32)* | 1.47 (1.33; 1.63)* | 1.44 (1.28; 1.61)* | ||
| Diastolic BP | 1.19 (1.14; 1.25)* | 1.19 (1.13; 1.26)* | 1.18 (1.06; 1.32)* | 1.12 (0.97; 1.29) | ||
| Pulse pressure | 1.05 (1.02; 1.08)* | 1.05 (1.02; 1.08)* | 1.09 (1.05; 1.14)* | 1.08 (1.03; 1.12)* | ||
| Pulse rate | 1.09 (1.05; 1.13)* | 1.09 (1.05; 1.13)* | 1.23 (1.14; 1.34)* | 1.23 (1.14; 1.34)* | ||
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus† | 2.26 (1.72; 2.96)* | 3.24 (2.42; 4.32)* | 6.31 (4.08; 9.76)* | 7.39 (4.55; 12.00)* | ||
| Glucose (non‐fasting) | 1.09 (1.04; 1.13)* | 1.15 (1.09; 1.21)* | 1.24 (1.17; 1.32)* | 1.23 (1.13; 1.34)* | ||
| Insulin (non‐fasting) | 1.07 (1.03; 1.10)* | 1.15 (1.11; 1.19)* | 1.06 (0.96; 1.16) | 1.20 (1.12; 1.29)* | ||
| C‐peptide | 1.05 (0.98; 1.13)* | 1.01 (0.91; 1.12) | 1.00 (0.86; 1.17) | 0.98 (0.81; 1.18) | ||
| Lipids | ||||||
| Total cholesterol† | 1.30 (1.24; 1.36)* | 1.23 (1.16; 1.29)* | 1.13 (0.99; 1.28) | 1.23 (1.07; 1.41)* | ||
| HDL cholesterol† | R | 1.15 (1.09; 1.20)* | 1.20 (1.14; 1.27)* | R | 1.02 (0.91; 1.15) | 1.37 (1.15; 1.64)* |
| Non‐HDL cholesterol | 1.36 (1.30; 1.43)* | 1.31 (1.24; 1.38)* | 1.14 (1.00; 1.28)* | 1.37 (1.20; 1.56)* | ||
| LDL cholesterol | 1.13 (1.08; 1.18)* | 1.15 (1.09; 1.22)* | 1.10 (0.98; 1.24) | 1.11 (0.98; 1.26) | ||
| Triglycerides | 1.30 (1.23; 1.36)* | 1.45 (1.36; 1.55)* | 1.26 (1.12; 1.42)* | 1.85 (1.58; 2.18)* | ||
| Apolipoprotein A | R | 1.18 (1.12; 1.25)* | 1.27 (1.19; 1.35)* | R | 1.20 (1.04; 1.39)* | 1.28 (1.05; 1.54)* |
| Apolipoprotein B | 1.38 (1.31; 1.46)* | 1.29 (1.24; 1.35)* | 1.28 (1.15; 1.44)* | 1.35 (1.23; 1.50)* | ||
| Lipoprotein (a) | 1.01 (0.97; 1.06) | 1.10 (0.98; 1.24) | 1.12 (0.94; 1.34) | 1.59 (0.97; 2.61) | ||
| Inflammatory | ||||||
| hsC‐reactive protein | 1.32 (1.24; 1.40)* | 1.47 (1.37; 1.58)* | 1.73 (1.53; 1.95)* | 1.95 (1.70; 2.24)* | ||
| Fibrinogen | 1.17 (1.12; 1.22)* | 1.20 (1.13; 1.27)* | 1.32 (1.23; 1.42)* | 1.29 (1.15; 1.44)* | ||
| Homocysteine | 1.16 (1.11; 1.21)* | 1.14 (1.06; 1.22)* | 1.20 (1.09; 1.32)* | 1.22 (1.08; 1.39)* | ||
| Ferritin | 1.04 (0.98; 1.11) | 1.12 (1.01; 1.23)* | 1.21 (0.97; 1.50) | 1.26 (0.83; 1.91) | ||
| Cardiac | ||||||
| hsTroponin I | 1.68 (1.39; 1.98)* | 1.57 (1.41; 1.73)* | 2.13 (1.12; 3.14)* | 1.64 (1.04; 2.24)* | ||
| NT‐pro‐BNP | 1.23 (1.17; 1.30)* | 1.27 (1.17; 1.38)* | 1.44 (1.27; 1.63)* | 1.32 (1.07; 1.64)* | ||
| Diet related | ||||||
| 25OH‐vitamin D raw | R | 1.19 (1.10; 1.28)* | 1.16 (1.09; 1.25)* | R | 1.67 (1.43; 1.96)* | 1.52 (1.14; 2.00)* |
| 25OH‐vitamin D adj | R | 1.16 (1.09; 1.25)* | 1.20 (1.11; 1.30)* | R | 1.61 (1.37; 1.89)* | 1.59 (1.16; 2.17)* |
| Vitamin B12 | 1.03 (0.97; 1.09) | 1.00 (0.94; 1.06) | 1.07 (0.95; 1.21) | 1.03 (0.90; 1.18) | ||
| Gamma glutamyl TF | 1.17 (1.11; 1.23)* | 1.27 (1.19; 1.35)* | 1.32 (1.18; 1.48)* | 1.54 (1.36; 1.76)* | ||
| Renal related | ||||||
| Uric Acid | 1.02 (0.97; 1.09) | 1.19 (1.11; 1.27)* | 0.91 (0.78; 1.06) | 1.21 (1.03; 1.42)* | ||
| Creatinine | 0.99 (0.93; 1.06) | 1.05 (0.97; 1.12) | 0.99 (0.85; 1.15) | 1.02 (0.82; 1.26) | ||
| Cystatin ‐C | 1.20 (1.14; 1.26)* | 1.14 (1.12; 1.17)* | 1.26 (1.15; 1.40)* | 1.17 (1.12; 1.23)* | ||
| Adjusted Additionally for ASSIGN Variables (Which are Omitted) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coronary Heart Disease | Peripheral Artery Disease | |||||
| Men 1847 | Women 1251 | Men 291 | Women 208 | |||
| Personal | ||||||
| Years of education | R | 1.10 (1.04; 1.16)* | 1.15 (1.08; 1.23)* | R | 1.11 (0.96; 1.28) | 1.04 (0.87; 1.25) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Expired CO | 1.09 (1.03; 1.14)* | 1.08 (1.01; 1.15)* | 1.33 (1.20; 1.47)* | 1.56 (1.40; 1.73)* | ||
| Thiocyanate | 1.05 (0.99; 1.12) | 1.07 (1.00; 1.15)* | 1.63 (1.38; 1.92)* | 1.94 (1.62; 2.32)* | ||
| Cotinine | 1.18 (1.11; 1.27)* | 1.19 (1.12; 1.28)* | 1.42 (1.22; 1.66)* | 1.72 (1.48; 1.99)* | ||
| Physical | ||||||
| Height | R | 1.08 (1.01; 1.14)* | 1.16 (1.08; 1.27)* | R | 1.03 (0.89; 1.22) | 1.00 (0.81; 1.23) |
| Weight | 1.09 (1.04; 1.15)* | 1.12 (1.05; 1.19)* | 0.91 (0.80; 1.04) | 1.03 (0.89; 1.19) | ||
| Body mass index | 1.14 (1.09; 1.21)* | 1.14 (1.09; 1.20)* | 0.90 (0.79; 1.04) | 1.02 (0.91; 1.15) | ||
| Waist circumference | 1.17 (1.08; 1.26)* | 1.20 (1.11; 1.30)* | 0.97 (0.82; 1.15) | 1.11 (0.93; 1.33) | ||
| Waist‐to‐hip ratio | 1.07 (0.99; 1.16) | 1.12 (1.02; 1.23)* | 1.03 (0.87; 1.23) | 1.17 (0.91; 1.51) | ||
| Diastolic BP | 1.06 (1.00; 1.12)* | 1.03 (0.97; 1.10) | 0.91 (0.81; 1.03) | 0.88 (0.78; 1.00)* | ||
| Pulse pressure | R | 1.11 (1.00; 1.23)* | 1.09 (0.99; 1.20) | R | 0.99 (0.91; 1.09) | 1.03 (0.94; 1.12) |
| Pulse rate | 1.00 (0.96; 1.03) | 1.00 (0.96; 1.03) | 1.06 (0.97; 1.15) | 1.06 (0.97; 1.15) | ||
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Glucose (non‐fasting) | 1.03 (0.99; 1.07) | 1.08 (1.03; 1.13)* | 1.19 (1.10; 1.28)* | 1.14 (1.04; 1.24)* | ||
| Insulin (non‐fasting) | 1.05 (1.01; 1.08)* | 1.09 (1.04; 1.14)* | 1.04 (0.93; 1.16) | 1.09 (0.98; 1.20) | ||
| C‐peptide | 1.03 (0.98; 1.10) | 1.01 (0.94; 1.08) | 1.05 (0.93; 1.20) | 1.01 (0.90; 1.13) | ||
| Lipids | ||||||
| LDL cholesterol | R | 1.00 (0.94; 1.05) | 1.02 (0.95; 1.09) | R | 1.00 (0.88; 1.15) | 1.04 (0.90; 1.20) |
| Triglycerides | 1.12 (1.06; 1.18)* | 1.15 (1.07; 1.24)* | 1.08 (0.95; 1.22) | 1.41 (1.19; 1.67)* | ||
| Apolipoprotein A | R | 1.11 (1.04; 1.18)* | 1.18 (1.08; 1.27)* | R | 1.11 (0.93; 1.32) | 1.12 (0.92; 1.37) |
| Apolipoprotein B | 1.21 (1.11; 1.31)* | 1.10 (1.02; 1.18)* | 1.14 (0.96; 1.36) | 1.15 (0.98; 1.36) | ||
| Lipoprotein (a) | 1.01 (0.97; 1.05) | 1.02 (0.93; 1.12) | 1.13 (0.95; 1.33) | 1.47 (0.89; 2.41) | ||
| Inflammatory | ||||||
| hsC‐reactive protein | 1.17 (1.08; 1.26)* | 1.28 (1.19; 1.38)* | 1.41 (1.23; 1.62)* | 1.57 (1.35; 1.82)* | ||
| Fibrinogen | 1.09 (1.04; 1.14)* | 1.09 (1.02; 1.16)* | 1.21 (1.10; 1.34)* | 1.12 (0.99; 1.27) | ||
| Homocysteine | 1.10 (1.05; 1.14)* | 1.05 (0.98; 1.13) | 1.06 (0.96; 1.17) | 1.08 (0.94; 1.25) | ||
| Ferritin | 1.01 (0.95; 1.07) | 1.03 (0.95; 1.12) | 1.08 (0.90; 1.31) | 1.07 (0.80; 1.43) | ||
| Cardiac | ||||||
| hsTroponin I | 1.33 (1.14; 1.41)* | 1.28 (1.16; 1.40)* | 1.51 (0.79; 2.23) | 1.24 (0.85; 1.63) | ||
| NT‐pro‐BNP | 1.21 (1.15; 1.27)* | 1.23 (1.13; 1.34)* | 1.27 (1.13; 1.44)* | 1.20 (0.97; 1.49) | ||
| Diet related | ||||||
| 25OH‐vitamin D raw | R | 1.05 (0.99; 1.12) | 1.04 (0.96; 1.11) | R | 1.35 (1.12; 1.61)* | 1.16 (0.89; 1.54) |
| 25OH‐vitamin D adj. | R | 1.06 (1.00; 1.14)* | 1.02 (0.94; 1.09) | R | 1.28 (1.09; 1.52)* | 1.20 (0.89; 1.61) |
| Vitamin B12 | R | 1.00 (0.93; 1.05)* | 1.03 (0.97; 1.10) | R | 0.97 (0.85; 1.10) | 0.99 (0.86; 1.14) |
| Gamma glutamyl TF | 1.05 (1.00; 1.11)* | 1.11 (1.03; 1.20)* | 1.13 (1.00; 1.28)* | 1.30 (1.13; 1.49)* | ||
| Renal related | ||||||
| Uric Acid | 1.02 (0.96; 1.08) | 1.08 (1.01; 1.16)* | 0.96 (0.82; 1.13) | 1.14 (0.96; 1.34) | ||
| Creatinine | 1.03 (0.97; 1.10) | 1.03 (0.96; 1.10) | 1.09 (0.97; 1.22) | 1.06 (0.87; 1.30) | ||
| Cystatin‐C | 1.14 (1.09; 1.20)* | 1.12 (1.07; 1.16)* | 1.18 (1.07; 1.30)* | 1.18 (1.10; 1.27)* | ||
These are sex‐specific results equivalent to the sexes combined results in Table 3. Missing values are imputed using multiple imputation by chained equation (m=5, i=10). Hazard ratios are per standard deviation for continuous variables, some are log transformed (see Table 1). R‐Hazard ratios <1.0 are converted to their reciprocal to facilitate comparison (using CHD both sexes as the criterion from Table 3).
*Hazard ratios significant at 5%. †ASSIGN risk score factors.
The publisher regrets the errors.
The online version of the article has been updated and is available at http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/6/9/e005967
J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e004215 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.004215