Figure 4. Univariate hazard ratio analysis for time to first pulmonary event predicted by dysphagia etiology.
Dysphagia etiologies were compared directly to patients in the Stroke group and hazard ratios calculated with 95% confidence limit. Patients in the Dysphagia NOS, Esoph, and Surgery groups all had significantly elevated hazard ratios. HZ = hazard ratio, LCL = lower confidence limit, UCL = upper confidence limit. P = 0.01.