Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and overall fruit and vegetables consumption frequency of the study group.
| Characteristic | Whole Study Group (n = 98) | Men (n = 60) | Women (n = 38) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 62 ± 14 | 61 ± 16 | 65 ± 11 | 0.2 |
| Duration of dialysis, months | 63 (35–144) | 60 (36–108) | 84 (36–192) | 0.3 |
| Residence | ||||
| Country, n/% | 34/35 | 19/32 | 15/39 | 0.9 |
| Town <100,000 inhabitants, n/% | 10/10 | 6/10 | 4/11 | |
| City >100,000 inhabitants, n/% | 54/55 | 35/58 | 19/50 | |
| Body weight, kg | 71.6 ± 16.3 | 76.0 ± 14.4 | 64.8 ± 16.8 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.2 ± 5.0 | 25.7 ± 4.4 | 24.5 ± 5.8 | 0.3 |
| Active smoking, n/% | 17/17 | 12/20 | 5/8 | 0.3 |
| Sleep | ||||
| ≤6 h/24 h, n/% | 32/33 | 17/28 | 15/39 | 0.6 |
| 7–8 h/24 h, n/% | 48/49 | 30/50 | 18/47 | |
| 9 h/24 h, n/% | 15/15 | 10/17 | 5/13 | |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Low, n/% | 51/52 | 28/47 | 23/61 | 0.3 |
| Moderate, n/% | 44/45 | 29/48 | 15/39 | |
| Dietary supplements’ use, n/% | 31/32 | 18/30 | 13/34 | 0.7 |
| Vegetables frequency | ||||
| >2 portions/day, n/% | 3/3 | 2/3 | 1/3 | 0.8 |
| 1–2 portions/day, n/% | 47/48 | 30/50 | 17/45 | |
| A few portions/week, n/% | 36/37 | 20/33 | 16/42 | |
| <1 portion/week, n/% | 6/6 | 3/5 | 3/8 | |
| Fruit frequency | ||||
| >2 portions/day, n/% | 5/5 | 0 | 5/13 | 0.005 |
| 1–2 portions/day, n/% | 52/53 | 34/57 | 18/47 | |
| A few portions/week, n/% | 20/20 | 9/15 | 11/29 | |
| <1 portion/week, n/% | 16/16 | 13/22 | 3/8 | |
| Fruit and vegetables processing | ||||
| Eating raw, n/% | 36/37 | 24/40 | 12/32 | 0.6 |
| Cooking, n/% | 42/43 | 24/40 | 18/47 | |
| Cooking with water change, n/% | 15/15 | 8/13 | 7/18 | |