Table 1. General characteristics of the study participants.
| Control (n = 1846) | Case (n = 923) | P-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56.1 ± 9.1 | 56.6 ± 9.7 | >0.999 |
| Gender [n (%)] | >0.999 | ||
| Male | 1250 (67.7) | 625 (67.7) | |
| Female | 596 (32.3) | 298 (32.3) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) [n (%)] | 24.1 ± 2.7 | 23.6 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| <25 | 1215 (66.2) | 639 (69.3) | 0.103 |
| ≥25 | 620 (33.8) | 283 (30.7) | |
| Smoking status [n (%)] | 0.156 | ||
| Non-smoker | 818 (44.3) | 409 (44.3) | |
| Former smoker | 687 (37.2) | 318 (34.5) | |
| Current smoker | 341 (18.5) | 196 (21.2) | |
| Alcohol consumption [n (%)] | <0.001 | ||
| Non-drinker | 560 (30.3) | 279 (30.2) | |
| Former drinker | 169 (9.2) | 129 (14.0) | |
| Current drinker | 1117 (60.5) | 515 (55.8) | |
| First degree family history of colorectal cancer (Yes) [n (%)] | 99 (5.4) | 86 (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Regular exercise [n (%)] | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 1047 (58.2) | 311 (33.7) | |
| No | 753 (41.8) | 612 (66.3) | |
| Educational level [n (%)] | <0.001 | ||
| Elementary school or less | 127 (7.04) | 180 (19.5) | |
| Middle school | 155 (8.6) | 141 (15.3) | |
| High school | 587 (32.6) | 369 (40.0) | |
| College or more | 934 (51.8) | 233 (25.2) | |
| Occupation [n (%)] | <0.001 | ||
| Group1: Professionals, administrative management, office jobs | 481 (26.4) | 189 (20.5) | |
| Group2: Sales and service positions | 403 (21.8) | 38 (4.1) | |
| Group3: Agriculture, manufacturing, mining, army service | 241 (13.2) | 141 (15.3) | |
| Group4: Housekeeping, unemployment, and others | 698 (38.3) | 555 (60.1) | |
| Marital status [n (%)] | <0.001 | ||
| Married | 1654 (90.6) | 773 (84.1) | |
| Others (single, divorced, separated, widowed, cohabitating) | 171 (9.4) | 146 (15.9) | |
| Monthly income [n (%)]a | <0.001 | ||
| <200 | 388 (23.0) | 321 (34.8) | |
| 200–400 | 754 (44.6) | 387 (41.9) | |
| ≥400 | 545 (32.3) | 215 (23.3) | |
| Physical activity [MET min per week]c | 2731.0 ± 2945.5 | 2236.7 ± 2025.3 | 0.098 |
| Low (<1059) | 612 (33.3) | 306 (33.2) | 0.002 |
| Moderate (1059–2772) | 584 (31.8) | 348 (37.8) | |
| High (≥2772) | 641 (34.9) | 267 (29.0) | |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1689.6 ± 560.4 | 2026.3 ± 534.0 | <0.001 |
aUnit is 10,000 Won in Korean currency.
bP-values present the difference between cases and controls. Age, body mass index (continuous) and total energy intake were examined using Student’s t-tests; Other variables were assessed using chi-square analysis.
cPhysical activity [MET min per week] was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test.