Table 1. Expression changes of histone variant chaperones in cancer.

ALT, alternative lengthening of telomeres; GBM, gliobastoma multiforme.

Histone Variant	Chaperone/Chromatin Remodeler	Cancer Expression Level	Functional Consequences	Refs
H3.3	HIRA	?	Decreased levels prevent senescence and increase oncogene-induced neoplasia in mouse model	14
	DAXX	Increased	Promotes tumor growth in mouse prostate cancer model Increased expression of oncogenes in GBM cells lacking PTEN Promotes mis-localization of CENP-A, leading to chromosomal instability Promotes proliferation and resistance to anticancer treatments	39 38 40– 42 43
		Decreased	Potentiates Slug-driven lung cancer metastasis	37
	ATRX	Decreased	Activation of ALT pathway	36
	DEK	Increased	Upregulates anti-apoptotic factors Fusion protein dominant negative for DEK function Increased colony formation and tumorigenesis	44 45– 50 51
CENP-A	HJURP	Increased	?	52– 60
		Decreased	Chromosomal instability	61, 62