Table 1.
Characteristics of Mechanically Ventilated ED Patients
| Baseline Characteristics | All Subjects N = 414 |
Mortality Status |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsurvivors (n = 60) |
Survivors (n = 354) |
P Value | ||
| Age, y | 54.6 (18.5) | 59.8 (19.0) | 53.7 (18.3) | .019 |
| Male, No. (%) | 247 (59.7) | 38 (63.3) | 209 (59.0) | .531 |
| Race, No. (%) | ||||
| African American | 234 (56.5) | 32 (53.3) | 202 (57.1) | .590 |
| White | 180 (43.5) | 28 (46.7) | 152 (42.9) | |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 131 (31.6) | 29 (33.3) | 111 (31.4) | .761 |
| COPD | 104 (25.1) | 9 (15.0) | 95 (26.8) | .051 |
| CHF | 95 (22.9) | 13 (21.7) | 82 (23.2) | .799 |
| Alcohol abuse | 61 (14.7) | 9 (15.0) | 52 (14.7) | .950 |
| Malignancy | 54 (13.0) | 13 (21.7) | 41 (11.6) | .032 |
| Immunosuppression | 54 (13.0) | 11 (18.3) | 43 (12.1) | .188 |
| Dialysis | 38 (9.2) | 7 (11.7) | 31 (8.8) | .470 |
| Cirrhosis | 37 (8.9) | 9 (15.0) | 28 (7.9) | .075 |
| HIV/AIDS | 5 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (1.2) | .354 |
| BMI | 28.8 (9.7) | 27.9 (10.9) | 28.9 (9.5) | .449 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.6 (36.1-37.1) | 36.5 (35.3-37.3) | 36.6 (36.1-37.1) | .206 |
| MAP | 75 (56-115) | 64 (47-110) | 77 (57-116) | .052 |
| Lactate (n = 367) | 2.8 (1.5 - 5.1) | 5.0 (2.8 - 7.9) | 2.5 (1.5 - 4.6) | < .001 |
| Creatinine | 1.2 (0.9-2.0) | 1.3 (0.9-2.5) | 1.2 (0.9-2.0) | .234 |
| Total bilirubin (n = 365) | 0.4 (0.3-0.8) | 0.6 (0.3-2.1) | 0.4 (0.3-0.7) | .007 |
| Albumin (n = 365) | 3.4 (2.9-3.7) | 3.0 (2.4-3.5) | 3.4 (2.9-3.8) | .002 |
| APACHE IIa | 18 (12-25) | 20 (13-29) | 17.0 (12-24) | .020 |
| SOFAa | 5 (2-7) | 7 (4-10) | 4 (2-10) | < .001 |
| Reason for mechanical ventilation, No. (%) | ||||
| Sepsis | 154 (37.2) | 27 (45.0) | 127 (35.9) | .176 |
| Trauma | 128 (30.9) | 19 (31.7) | 109 (30.8) | .892 |
| COPD | 29 (7.0) | 3 (5.0) | 26 (7.3) | .511 |
| Drug overdose | 21 (5.1) | 1 (1.7) | 20 (5.6) | .194 |
| CHF/pulmonary edema | 17 (4.1) | 2 (3.3) | 15 (4.2) | .744 |
| Asthma | 9 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 9 (2.5) | .212 |
| Other | 56 (13.5) | 8 (13.3) | 48 (13.6) | .962 |
| Sepsis, No. (%) | 180 (43.5) | 32 (53.3) | 148 (41.8) | .096 |
| ED length of stay, h | 4.8 (3.2-6.8) | 4.8 (3.2-6.8) | 5.0 (3.4-6.9) | .809 |
| Location of intubation | ||||
| ED | 317 (76.6) | 46 (76.7) | 271 (76.6) | .985 |
| Prehospital | 45 (10.9) | 7 (11.7) | 38 (10.7) | .830 |
| Outside hospital/other facility | 52 (12.6) | 7 (11.7) | 45 (12.7) | .821 |
| Process of care variables | ||||
| IV fluids in ED | 1 (0.5-2.5) | 1 (0-2.9) | 1 (0.5-2.5) | .647 |
| Blood products, No. (%) | 77 (18.6) | 23 (38.3) | 54 (15.3) | < .001 |
| Central venous catheter, No. (%) | 143 (34.5) | 31 (51.7) | 112 (31.6) | .003 |
| Antibiotics, No. (%) | 221 (53.4) | 35 (58.3) | 186 (52.5) | .406 |
| Vasopressor infusion, No. (%) | 129 (31.2) | 37 (61.7) | 92 (26.0) | < .001 |
Continuous variables are reported as mean (SD) and median (interquartile range). For measurements in which more than 1 value was present in the ED (ie, vital signs), the initial ED value is presented.
APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CHF = congestive heart failure; MAP = mean arterial pressure; SOFA=Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
a
Modified score, which excludes Glasgow Coma Scale.