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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Stroke. 2018 Feb 19;49(3):788–795. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016979

Table 1.

Cerebrovascular causes linked to four acute dizziness/vertigo syndromes

Syndrome TIA Ischemic Stroke Hemorrhage
t-EVS (brief, repetitive) Rotational vertebral artery syndrome30 CPPV from small ischemic strokes near the 4th ventricle31 CPPV from small hemorrhages near the 4th ventricle32
s-EVS (<24hrs) PICA – isolated vertigo
AICA – vertigo +/- tinnitus or hearing loss
Small ischemic strokes presenting transient symptoms33 Subarachnoid hemorrhages mimicking TIA33
t-AVS (>24hrs) Overlap syndrome with trauma and vertebral artery dissection/TIA Overlap syndrome with trauma and vertebral artery dissection/stroke Overlap syndrome with trauma and traumatic hemorrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, etc.)
s-AVS (>24hrs) Not yet reported PICA – isolated vertigo
AICA – vertigo +/- tinnitus or hearing loss
Small to medium-sized cerebellar hemorrhages

Typeset: Common cerebrovascular presentations are shown in boldface type; the other combinations are rare. Abbreviations: AICA – anterior inferior cerebellar artery; PICA – posterior inferior cerebellar artery; s-AVS – spontaneous acute vestibular syndrome; s-EVS – spontaneous episodic vestibular syndrome; t-AVS – traumatic/toxic acute vestibular syndrome; t-EVS – triggered episodic vestibular syndrome