Table 1.
Cerebrovascular causes linked to four acute dizziness/vertigo syndromes
| Syndrome | TIA | Ischemic Stroke | Hemorrhage |
|---|---|---|---|
| t-EVS (brief, repetitive) | Rotational vertebral artery syndrome30 | CPPV from small ischemic strokes near the 4th ventricle31 | CPPV from small hemorrhages near the 4th ventricle32 |
| s-EVS (<24hrs) |
PICA – isolated vertigo AICA – vertigo +/- tinnitus or hearing loss |
Small ischemic strokes presenting transient symptoms33 | Subarachnoid hemorrhages mimicking TIA33 |
| t-AVS (>24hrs) | Overlap syndrome with trauma and vertebral artery dissection/TIA | Overlap syndrome with trauma and vertebral artery dissection/stroke | Overlap syndrome with trauma and traumatic hemorrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, etc.) |
| s-AVS (>24hrs) | Not yet reported |
PICA – isolated vertigo AICA – vertigo +/- tinnitus or hearing loss |
Small to medium-sized cerebellar hemorrhages |
Typeset: Common cerebrovascular presentations are shown in boldface type; the other combinations are rare. Abbreviations: AICA – anterior inferior cerebellar artery; PICA – posterior inferior cerebellar artery; s-AVS – spontaneous acute vestibular syndrome; s-EVS – spontaneous episodic vestibular syndrome; t-AVS – traumatic/toxic acute vestibular syndrome; t-EVS – triggered episodic vestibular syndrome