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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Stroke. 2018 Feb 19;49(3):788–795. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016979

Table 2.

Pre-test and post-test probabilities of stroke using different tests to ‘rule out’ stroke in the spontaneous acute vestibular syndrome (s-AVS)

Post-Test Probability of Stroke following a Negative Test Obtained in First 24 Hours
Pre-Test Probability of Stroke (vascular risk profile) General Neuro Exam (Sn 18.8%,56 Sp 95%, NLR 0.85) CT Brain
(Sn 16%,13 Sp 98%,13 NLR 0.86)
MRI-DWI Brain
(Sn 80.0%,62 Sp 96.0%,13 NLR 0.21)
HINTS+ Battery
(Sn 99.2%,63 Sp 97.0%, NLR 0.01)
10% (low) 8.7% 8.7% 2.3% 0.1%
25% (average62) 22.2% 22.3% 6.5% 0.3%
50% (high) 46.1% 46.2% 17.2% 0.8%
75% (very high) 71.9% 72.1% 38.5% 2.4%

Abbreviations: CT – computed tomography; HINTS+ - head impulse, nystagmus, test of skew, plus hearing; MRI-DWI – magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion weighted imaging; NLR – negative likelihood ratio; Sn – sensitivity; Sp – specificity

Modified from Newman-Toker, et al., 2015 © Georg

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